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. 2023 Feb 25;16(5):1919.
doi: 10.3390/ma16051919.

MWCNTs-TiO2 Incorporated-Mg Composites to Improve the Mechanical, Corrosion and Biological Characteristics for Use in Biomedical Fields

Mohammad Taher Amirzade-Iranaq  1 , Mahdi Omidi  1 , Hamid Reza Bakhsheshi-Rad  1 , Abbas Saberi  1 , Somayeh Abazari  2 , Nadia Teymouri  1 , Farid Naeimi  1 , Claudia Sergi  3 , Ahmad Fauzi Ismail  4 , Safian Sharif  5 , Filippo Berto  3
Affiliations

MWCNTs-TiO2 Incorporated-Mg Composites to Improve the Mechanical, Corrosion and Biological Characteristics for Use in Biomedical Fields

Mohammad Taher Amirzade-Iranaq et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

This study attempts to synthesize MgZn/TiO2-MWCNTs composites with varying TiO2-MWCNT concentrations using mechanical alloying and a semi-powder metallurgy process coupled with spark plasma sintering. It also aims to investigate the mechanical, corrosion, and antibacterial properties of these composites. When compared to the MgZn composite, the microhardness and compressive strength of the MgZn/TiO2-MWCNTs composites were enhanced to 79 HV and 269 MPa, respectively. The results of cell culture and viability experiments revealed that incorporating TiO2-MWCNTs increased osteoblast proliferation and attachment and enhanced the biocompatibility of the TiO2-MWCNTs nanocomposite. It was observed that the corrosion resistance of the Mg-based composite was improved and the corrosion rate was reduced to about 2.1 mm/y with the addition of 10 wt% TiO2-1 wt% MWCNTs. In vitro testing for up to 14 days revealed a reduced degradation rate following the incorporation of TiO2-MWCNTs reinforcement into a MgZn matrix alloy. Antibacterial evaluations revealed that the composite had antibacterial activity, with an inhibition zone of 3.7 mm against Staphylococcus aureus. The MgZn/TiO2-MWCNTs composite structure has great potential for use in orthopedic fracture fixation devices.

Keywords: TiO2-CNTs fillers; biological behavior; corrosion property; magnesium matrix composites; mechanical property; microstructure.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The prepared nanostructure (a) TM0, (b) TM1 and (c) TM3 composites fabricated via SPS methods.
Figure 2
Figure 2
XRD pattern of (a) pure Mg and (b) TM0, TM1, TM2 and TM3 composites, (c) Raman spectra of MWCNTs and (d) TiO2-MWCNTs reinforced MgZn nanocomposite.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM images of (a) Mg, (b) TiO2, (c) MgZn/TiO2, and (d) TM2 composite and (e) EDS elemental mapping and (f) EDS analysis of TM2 powder composite.
Figure 4
Figure 4
TEM images of (a) MgZn, (b–d) MgZn/TiO2, (e–i) MgZn/TiO2-MWCNTs (TM3) composite powders.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Contact angle of (a) TM0, (b) TM1, (c) TM2 and (d) TM3 composites and (e) values of the contact angles of the TM composites with various TiO2-MWCNTs content.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) The microhardness, (b) Ultimate compressive strength (UCS) of composites and SEM micrographs of fracture surfaces of (c) TM0, (d) TM1, (e) TM2 and (f) TM3 composites (* p < 0.05, and ** p < 0.01).
Figure 7
Figure 7
(a) Potentiodynamic polarization, (b) Nyquist plots, (c) Bode magnitude plot and (d) Bode phase curves of TM0, TM1, TM2 and TM3 composites.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Surface morphology of the (a,b) TM0, (c,d) TM1, (e,f) TM2, (g,h) TM3 composites after 14 days of immersion in SBF and EDS analyses of (i) Area A, (j) Area B, and (k) Area C.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) pH value, (b) corrosion rate obtained by weight loss and (c) the rate of H2 evolution of TM0, TM1, TM2, and TM3 composites, (d) XRD pattern and (e) FTIR spectra of TM2 sample after 14 days of immersion in SBF (* p < 0.05, and ** p < 0.01).
Figure 10
Figure 10
Fluorescent microscopic images of (a) TM0, (b) TM1, (c) TM2 and (d) TM3 (e) Cell viability and (f) ALP activity of TM0, TM1, TM2 and TM3 samples (* p < 0.05).
Figure 11
Figure 11
(a) Antibacterial activities of the (a) TM0 and TM1, (b) TM2 and TM3, (c) TM0 and TM1, and (d) TM2 and TM3 composites by the disc diffusion test against both Gram-positive (S. aureus) and Gram-negative (E. coli) and (e) diameters of the inhibition zones for TM0, TM1, TM2 and TM3 samples (** p < 0.01 and *** p < 0.001).
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