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Review
. 2023 Mar 3;16(5):2073.
doi: 10.3390/ma16052073.

Recent Advances in Chitosan-Based Applications-A Review

Charitha Thambiliyagodage  1 , Madara Jayanetti  1 , Amavin Mendis  1 , Geethma Ekanayake  1 , Heshan Liyanaarachchi  1 , Saravanamuthu Vigneswaran  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Recent Advances in Chitosan-Based Applications-A Review

Charitha Thambiliyagodage et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

Chitosan derived from chitin gas gathered much interest as a biopolymer due to its known and possible broad applications. Chitin is a nitrogen-enriched polymer abundantly present in the exoskeletons of arthropods, cell walls of fungi, green algae, and microorganisms, radulae and beaks of molluscs and cephalopods, etc. Chitosan is a promising candidate for a wide variety of applications due to its macromolecular structure and its unique biological and physiological properties, including solubility, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and reactivity. Chitosan and its derivatives have been known to be applicable in medicine, pharmaceuticals, food, cosmetics, agriculture, the textile and paper industries, the energy industry, and industrial sustainability. More specifically, their use in drug delivery, dentistry, ophthalmology, wound dressing, cell encapsulation, bioimaging, tissue engineering, food packaging, gelling and coating, food additives and preservatives, active biopolymeric nanofilms, nutraceuticals, skin and hair care, preventing abiotic stress in flora, increasing water availability in plants, controlled release fertilizers, dye-sensitised solar cells, wastewater and sludge treatment, and metal extraction. The merits and demerits associated with the use of chitosan derivatives in the above applications are elucidated, and finally, the key challenges and future perspectives are discussed in detail.

Keywords: agriculture; chitosan; cosmetic; environmental remediation; food; medicine.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Synthesis of chitosan bio polymer using chitin presenting natural sources.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles using (a) TPP (b) cinnamaldehyde (c) Glutaraldehyde as the crosslinker.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles using (a) TPP (b) cinnamaldehyde (c) Glutaraldehyde as the crosslinker.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Different types of crosslinked chitosan.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Applications of chitosan-based materials.
Scheme 2
Scheme 2
The preparation process of Baicalein-phospholipid loaded Lecithin/chitosan. Scheme adapted from Ref. [59].
Figure 4
Figure 4
Use of chitosan surface coating on posterior segment ophthalmic delivery. Figure adapted from Ref. [64].
Figure 5
Figure 5
The synthesis of diclofenac sodium-loaded-N-trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles and application of them for ophthalmic usage. Figure adapted from Ref. [65].
Figure 6
Figure 6
SEM images of chitosan microspheres at (a) low and (b) high magnifications. Figure adapted from Ref. [121].
Figure 7
Figure 7
Nanoencapsulation of nutraceuticals with chitosan and its derivatives.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Kd values for oven-dried hydrogel particles C1G1, C2G1, and C1G2 in single metal ion solutions of (a) Pb(II), (b) Hg(II), (c) Cd(II), and (d) Cr(III). Figure adapted from Ref. [261].
Figure 9
Figure 9
Chelation of metal ions by chitosan in different geometries. Figure adapted from Ref. [265]. (A) tetragonal (B) and (C) pentagonal (D) hexagonal (E) pentagonal (F) tetragonal geometries.
Figure 10
Figure 10
(a) Effect of pH (b) Temperature (c) adsorbent dosage on the adsorption of MO to chitosan/sodium zeolite adsorbents. Figure adapted from ref. [266].
Figure 11
Figure 11
Chitosan-alginate complex.
Scheme 3
Scheme 3
The discovery and the progress of chitosan and its applications.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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