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. 2023 Mar 5;16(5):2107.
doi: 10.3390/ma16052107.

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements Reinforced with Synthesized Diopside Produced via Sol-Gel Method

Ali Maleki Nojehdehi  1 , Farina Moghaddam  1 , Bejan Hamawandi  2
Affiliations

Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Glass Ionomer Cements Reinforced with Synthesized Diopside Produced via Sol-Gel Method

Ali Maleki Nojehdehi et al. Materials (Basel). .

Abstract

This study aimed to fabricate a glass ionomer cement/diopside (GIC/DIO) nanocomposite to improve its mechanical properties for biomaterials applications. For this purpose, diopside was synthesized using a sol-gel method. Then, for preparing the nanocomposite, 2, 4, and 6 wt% diopside were added to a glass ionomer cement (GIC). Subsequently, X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential thermal analysis (DTA), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry (FTIR) analyses were used to characterize the synthesized diopside. Furthermore, the compressive strength, microhardness, and fracture toughness of the fabricated nanocomposite were evaluated, and a fluoride-releasing test in artificial saliva was also applied. The highest concurrent enhancements of compressive strength (1155.7 MPa), microhardness (148 HV), and fracture toughness (5.189 MPa·m1/2) were observed for the glass ionomer cement (GIC) with 4 wt% diopside nanocomposite. In addition, the results of the fluoride-releasing test showed that the amount of released fluoride from the prepared nanocomposite was slightly lower than the glass ionomer cement (GIC). Overall, the improvement in mechanical properties and optimal fluoride release of prepared nanocomposites can introduce suitable options for dental restorations under load and orthopedic implants.

Keywords: diopside nanoparticles; fluoride release; glass ionomer cement; mechanical properties.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
XRD pattern of dried diopside (DIO) powder at 120 °C for 24 h.
Figure 2
Figure 2
XRD pattern of (a) diopside (DIO) nanoparticles after calcination at 800 °C and (b) glass ionomer powder.
Figure 3
Figure 3
FESEM micrographs showing the size of the diopside (DIO) particles magnification at different magnification.
Figure 4
Figure 4
DTA-TGA of diopside particles dried at 120 °C.
Figure 5
Figure 5
FTIR spectrum of diopside (DIO) nanoparticles.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Amount of fluoride released from glass ionomer cement (GIC) and glass ionomer cement (GIC)-4 diopside (DIO) nanocomposite for 14 days immersion in artificial saliva.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Compressive strength of glass ionomer and glass ionomer diopside with different weight percents.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Microhardness of glass ionomer and glass ionomer diopside nanocomposites with different weight percentages.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Fracture toughness of glass ionomer and glass ionomer diopside with different weight percent.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Optical microscopy images of the hardness effect under 200 N and the cracks created at the hardness outline of the: (a) glass ionomer cement (GIC), and (b) glass ionomer cement (GIC) 4 wt% diopside (DIO) composite.
Figure 11
Figure 11
FESEM images of glass ionomer and glass ionomer nanocomposites with 4 wt% diopside: (a,b) Glass ionomer nanocomposite, and (c,d) Glass ionomer diopside nanocomposite at different magnifications.
Figure 12
Figure 12
EDS and FESEM analysis of glass ionomer cement and distribution of elements on the nanocomposite surface.
Figure 13
Figure 13
EDS and FESEM analysis of glass ionomer diopside nanocomposite and distribution of elements on the nanocomposite surface.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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