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Review
. 2023 Mar 3;28(5):2336.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28052336.

Cell Membrane Biomimetic Nanoparticles with Potential in Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Xinyu Zhong  1 , Yue Na  1 , Shun Yin  1 , Chang Yan  1 , Jinlian Gu  1 , Ning Zhang  2   3 , Fang Geng  1   4
Affiliations
Review

Cell Membrane Biomimetic Nanoparticles with Potential in Treatment of Alzheimer's Disease

Xinyu Zhong et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is to blame for about 60% of dementia cases worldwide. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) prevents many medications for AD from having clinical therapeutic effects that can be used to treat the affected area. Many researchers have turned their attention to cell membrane biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) to solve this situation. Among them, NPs can extend the half-life of drugs in the body as the "core" of the wrapped drug, and the cell membrane acts as the "shell" of the wrapped NPs to functionalize the NPs, which can further improve the delivery efficiency of nano-drug delivery systems. Researchers are learning that cell membrane biomimetic NPs can circumvent the BBB's restriction, prevent harm to the body's immune system, extend the period that NPs spend in circulation, and have good biocompatibility and cytotoxicity, which increases efficacy of drug release. This review summarized the detailed production process and features of core NPs and further introduced the extraction methods of cell membrane and fusion methods of cell membrane biomimetic NPs. In addition, the targeting peptides for modifying biomimetic NPs to target the BBB to demonstrate the broad prospects of cell membrane biomimetic NPs drug delivery systems were summarized.

Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease; blood–brain barrier; cell membrane biomimetic nanoparticles; targeting peptides.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic diagram of the preparation method of cell-membrane-coated NPs.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Schematic diagram of the structure of the BBB. The basement membrane surrounds the BCECs and embeds pericytes that span several BCECs. AS end-feet are in contact with the BCECs.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Schematic diagram of the physiological mechanisms by which drugs cross the BBB.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The procedure of single emulsification–solvent evaporation method.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The procedure of double emulsion method.
Figure 6
Figure 6
The procedure of nanoprecipitation method.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The procedure of salting out emulsification–diffusion method.
Figure 8
Figure 8
The procedure of supercritical fluid technology.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The procedure of spray drying method.
Figure 10
Figure 10
The procedure of solvothermal method.
Figure 11
Figure 11
The procedure of sol–gel method.
Figure 12
Figure 12
The procedure of thermal decomposition.
Figure 13
Figure 13
Schematic representation of different methods for isolating cell membranes from native cells.
Figure 14
Figure 14
Schematic representation of different methods for fusing cell membranes with NPs.
Figure 15
Figure 15
(A) Preparation of biomimetic NPs modified by targeting peptides. (B) Schematic illustration of the possible mechanism of stepwise targeting of cell membrane biomimetic NPs modified with targeting peptides to the affected area through the BBB for treatment.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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