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. 2023 Mar 1;12(5):1097.
doi: 10.3390/plants12051097.

Biological Activity of Cupressus sempervirens Essential Oil

Lucia Galovičová  1 , Natália Čmiková  1 , Marianna Schwarzová  1 , Milena D Vukic  1   2 , Nenad L Vukovic  2 , Przemysław Łukasz Kowalczewski  3 , Ladislav Bakay  4 , Maciej Ireneusz Kluz  5 , Czeslaw Puchalski  5 , Ana D Obradovic  6 , Miloš M Matić  6 , Miroslava Kačániová  1   5
Affiliations

Biological Activity of Cupressus sempervirens Essential Oil

Lucia Galovičová et al. Plants (Basel). .

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant, antibiofilm, antimicrobial (in situ and in vitro), insecticidal, and antiproliferative activity of Cupressus sempervirens essential oil (CSEO) obtained from the plant leaf. The identification of the constituents contained in CSEO was also intended by using GC and GC/MS analysis. The chemical composition revealed that this sample was dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons α-pinene, and δ-3-carene. Free radical scavenging ability, performed by using DPPH and ABTS assays, was evaluated as strong. Higher antibacterial efficacy was demonstrated for the agar diffusion method compared to the disk diffusion method. The antifungal activity of CSEO was moderate. When the minimum inhibitory concentrations of filamentous microscopic fungi were determined, we observed the efficacy depending on the concentration used, except for B. cinerea where the efficacy of lower concentration was more pronounced. The vapor phase effect was more pronounced at lower concentrations in most cases. Antibiofilm effect against Salmonella enterica was demonstrated. The relatively strong insecticidal activity was demonstrated with an LC50 value of 21.07% and an LC90 value of 78.21%, making CSEO potentially adequate in the control of agricultural insect pests. Results of cell viability testing showed no effects on the normal MRC-5 cell line, and antiproliferative effects towards MDA-MB-231, HCT-116, JEG-3, and K562 cells, whereas K562 cells were the most sensitive. Based on our results, CSEO could be a suitable alternative against different types of microorganisms as well as suitable for the control of biofilms. Due to its insecticidal properties, it could be used in the control of agricultural insect pests.

Keywords: Cupressus sempervirens; MALDI-TOF MS Biotyper; biofilm; insecticidal activity; vapor phase.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Representative MALDI-TOF mass spectra of S. enterica: (A) 3rd day, (B) 5th day, (C) 7th day, (D) 9th day, (E) 12th day, and (F) 14th day.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Representative MALDI-TOF mass spectra of S. enterica: (A) 3rd day, (B) 5th day, (C) 7th day, (D) 9th day, (E) 12th day, and (F) 14th day.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Representative MALDI-TOF mass spectra of S. enterica: (A) 3rd day, (B) 5th day, (C) 7th day, (D) 9th day, (E) 12th day, and (F) 14th day.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Dendrogram of S. enterica biofilm progress after CSEO exposition. SE–S. enterica; C-control; S–stainless-steel; P-plastic; PC-planktonic cells.
Figure 3
Figure 3
The effects of six concentrations of CSEO on MRC-5 cell viability after 24 h and 72 h of treatment. Results are presented as the mean of three independent experiments ± standard error; * p < 0.05 relative to control.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The effects of six concentrations of CSEO on MDA-MB-231, HCT-116, JEG-3, and K562 cell viability after 24 h and 72 h of treatment. Results are presented as the mean of three independent experiments ± standard error: * p < 0.05 relative to control.
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