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. 2023 Feb 28;15(5):1227.
doi: 10.3390/nu15051227.

25 Hydroxyvitamin D Serum Concentration and COVID-19 Severity and Outcome-A Retrospective Survey in a Romanian Hospital

Adriana Topan  1   2 , Mihaela Lupse  1   2 , Mihai Calin  2 , Cristian Jianu  2 , Daniel-Corneliu Leucuta  3 , Violeta Briciu  1   2
Affiliations

25 Hydroxyvitamin D Serum Concentration and COVID-19 Severity and Outcome-A Retrospective Survey in a Romanian Hospital

Adriana Topan et al. Nutrients. .

Abstract

Interest in the immunomodulatory function of vitamin D has grown since the COVID-19 pandemic started. Our study investigated the possible association between vitamin D deficiency and COVID-19 severity, intensive care needs, and mortality in patients hospitalized with COVID-19. A prospective cohort study was performed on 2342 COVID-19 hospitalized patients between April 2020 and May 2022 in a Romanian tertiary hospital for infectious diseases. A multivariate generalized linear model for binary data was fit with dependent variables: severe/critical form of COVID-19, intensive care need, and fatal outcome as a function of vitamin D deficiency, controlling for age, comorbidities, and vaccination status. More than half of the patients (50.9%) were classified with vitamin D deficiency based on a serum concentration of less than 20 ng/mL. There was a negative association between vitamin D and age. Vitamin D-deficient patients presented with more cardiovascular, neurological, and pulmonary diseases, as well as diabetes, and cancer. In multivariate logistic regression models, vitamin D-deficient patients had higher odds of severe/critical forms of COVID-19 [OR = 1.23 (95% CI 1.03-1.47), p = 0.023] and higher odds of death [OR = 1.49 (95% CI 1.06-2.08), p = 0.02]. Vitamin D deficiency was associated with disease severity and death outcome in hospitalized COVID-19 patients.

Keywords: 25(OH)D deficiency; COVID-19; ICU need; comorbidities; mortality; severity form; vitamin D deficiency.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The 25(OH)D serum concentration distribution according to age intervals.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The 25(OH)D serum concentration according to COVID-19 severity and death outcome. The patients who died, with different severity forms, are presented in the grey boxplot. The box shows the median value (horizontal rule), along with the 1st and 3rd quartiles of the observed data (top and bottom of box). Each whisker’s length corresponds to values that are up to 1.5 times the range between the quartiles.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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