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Review
. 2023 Apr 1;31(2):83-88.
doi: 10.1097/MOO.0000000000000875.

Thyroid lymphoma

Aleix Rovira  1 , Paul Carroll  2 , Ricard Simo  1
Affiliations
Review

Thyroid lymphoma

Aleix Rovira et al. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. .

Abstract

Purpose of review: To highlight recent advances in our understanding of the epidemiology, incidence, evaluation, management and outcomes of primary thyroid lymphoma (PTL), and highlight the indications and limitations of surgery.

Recent findings: The differential diagnosis of a rapidly enlarging thyroid mass with or without obstructive symptoms should include PTL and anaplastic thyroid cancer. When PTL is suspected, initial investigations should include blood tests and ultrasound-guided biopsy preferably core need biopsy to allow tissue typing and immunohistochemistry analysis. Systemic imaging with FDG PET-CT is required for staging. Surgery is not recommended for treatment purposes and should be reserved for diagnosis and airway management. Treatment includes chemotherapy and radiotherapy and offer an excellent prognosis.

Summary: PTL is a rare malignancy making diagnosis and management challenging. Initial investigations of suspected PTL should include blood tests and ultrasound-guided biopsy, preferably core needle biopsy and systemic imaging is required for staging. Surgery is reserved for diagnosis and airway management. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the treatment of choice.

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