Occupational hypersensitivity pneumonia

Abstract

Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is an immunological lung disease that affects individuals who are sensitive and susceptible to occupational and environmental exposures. While clinical and radiological findings may resemble other interstitial lung diseases, identifying the causative agents can aid in the differential diagnosis. However, this can be challenging and may result in delayed diagnosis and poor prognosis. A gold standard test for diagnosis is currently unavailable, and therefore, a multidisciplinary approach involving a clinician, radiologist, and pathologist is necessary. Avoiding exposure is the first step in treatment, with immunosuppressive therapeutics also being used. Antifibrotic agents show promise for future treatment approaches. Despite recent advancements in data and guidelines, knowledge about managing occupational HP remains limited. This review provides a summary of the epidemiological, clinical, and radiological findings, as well as diagnostic and treatment principles of occupational HP based on current literature.