Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Nov;30(55):116878-116905.
doi: 10.1007/s11356-023-26288-8. Epub 2023 Mar 14.

A review on natural based deep eutectic solvents (NADESs): fundamentals and potential applications in removing heavy metals from soil

Zhi Ying Lai  1 , Chung Loong Yiin  2   3 , Serene Sow Mun Lock  4 , Bridgid Lai Fui Chin  5   6 , Nur Syuhada Ahmad Zauzi  1 , Sherena Sar-Ee  1
Affiliations
Review

A review on natural based deep eutectic solvents (NADESs): fundamentals and potential applications in removing heavy metals from soil

Zhi Ying Lai et al. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2023 Nov.

Abstract

Natural based deep eutectic solvent (NADES) is a promising green solvent to replace the conventional soil washing solvent due to the environmental benign properties such as low toxicity, high biodegradability, high polarity or hydrophilicity, and low cost of fabrication process. The application of NADES is intensively studied in the extraction of organic compounds or natural products from vegetations or organic matters. Conversely, the use of the solvent in removing heavy metals from soil is severely lacking. This review focuses on the potential application of NADES as a soil washing agent to remove heavy metal contaminants. Hydrophilicity is an important feature of a NADES to be used as a soil washing solvent. In this context, choline chloride is often used as hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA) whereby choline chloride based NADESs showed excellent performance in the extraction of various solutes in the past studies. The nature of NADES along with its chemistry, preparation and designing methods as well as potential applications were comprehensively reviewed. Subsequently, related studies on choline chloride-based NADES in heavy metal polluted soil remediation were also reviewed. Potential applications in removing other soil contaminants as well as the limitations of NADES were discussed based on the current advancements of soil washing and future research directions were also proposed.

Keywords: Green solvent; Heavy metal; Natural based deep eutectic solvent; Soil washing.

PubMed Disclaimer

References

    1. Abdallah MM, Cardeira M, Matias AA, Bronze MR, Fernández N (2022) Lactic acid-based natural deep eutectic solvents to extract bioactives from marine by-products. Molecules 27:4356. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27144356 - DOI
    1. Abdul Hamid FAZ, Abu Bakar AF Ng TF, Ghani AA, Mohamad Zulkifley MT (2019) Distribution and contamination assessment of potentially harmful elements (As, Pb, Ni, Cd) in top soil of Penang Island, Malaysia. Environ Earth Sci 78(21). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-019-8626-0
    1. Abranches DO, Silva LP, Martins MAR, Coutinhoa JAP (2021) Differences on the impact of water on the deep eutectic solvents betaine/urea and choline/urea. J Chem Phys 155:034501. https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0052303
    1. Alengebawy A, Abdelkhalek ST, Qureshi SR, Wang MQ (2021) Heavy metals and pesticides toxicity in agricultural soil and plants: ecological risks and human health implications. Toxics 9(3):42. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxics9030042
    1. Al-Risheq DIM, Nasser MS, Qiblawey H, Hussein IA, Benamor A (2021) Choline chloride based natural deep eutectic solvent for destabilization and separation of stable colloidal dispersions. Sep Purif Technol 255:117737. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117737

LinkOut - more resources