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. 2023 Mar 14;13(1):4266.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-29898-x.

Wavelet-artificial neural network to predict the acetone sensing by indium oxide/iron oxide nanocomposites

Reza Iranmanesh  1 , Afham Pourahmad  2 , Danial Soltani Shabestani  3 , Seyed Sajjad Jazayeri  4 , Hamed Sadeqi  5 , Javid Akhavan  6 , Abdelouahed Tounsi  7   8
Affiliations

Wavelet-artificial neural network to predict the acetone sensing by indium oxide/iron oxide nanocomposites

Reza Iranmanesh et al. Sci Rep. .

Erratum in

Abstract

This study applies a hybridized wavelet transform-artificial neural network (WT-ANN) model to simulate the acetone detecting ability of the Indium oxide/Iron oxide (In2O3/Fe2O3) nanocomposite sensors. The WT-ANN has been constructed to extract the sensor resistance ratio (SRR) in the air with respect to the acetone from the nanocomposite chemistry, operating temperature, and acetone concentration. The performed sensitivity analyses demonstrate that a single hidden layer WT-ANN with nine nodes is the highest accurate model for automating the acetone-detecting ability of the In2O3/Fe2O3 sensors. Furthermore, the genetic algorithm has fine-tuned the shape-related parameters of the B-spline wavelet transfer function. This model accurately predicts the SRR of the 119 nanocomposite sensors with a mean absolute error of 0.7, absolute average relative deviation of 10.12%, root mean squared error of 1.14, and correlation coefficient of 0.95813. The In2O3-based nanocomposite with a 15 mol percent of Fe2O3 is the best sensor for detecting acetone at wide temperatures and concentration ranges. This type of reliable estimator is a step toward fully automating the gas-detecting ability of In2O3/Fe2O3 nanocomposite sensors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Histograms of the Fe2O3 content of nanocomposite sensors (A), operating temperature (B), acetone concentration (C), and SRR (D).
Figure 2
Figure 2
The general shape of the B-spline wavelet incorporated in the WT-ANN model.
Figure 3
Figure 3
A typical WT-ANN with a 3-4-1 topology for estimating the acetone sensing ability of In2O3/Fe2O3 nanocomposites.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Constructing the WT-ANN model utilizing the trial-and-error technique and genetic algorithm (GA).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Rank order of different WT-ANN topologies differing from their number of hidden nodes and B-spline wavelet shape.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Decreasing the MSE by the learning algorithm in the cross-validation stage of the WT-ANN.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The histogram of the observed residual error by the optimum WT-ANN in the cross-validation and testing stages.
Figure 8
Figure 8
Correlation between predicted SRRs by the optimum WT-ANN and their related actual measurements.
Figure 9
Figure 9
The influence of sensor chemistry and operating temperature on the acetone sensing (100 ppm).
Figure 10
Figure 10
The effect of acetone concentration on the performance of the highest sensitive sensor (0.15 Fe2O3) at 473 K.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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