Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Review
. 2023 Apr:156:148-155.
doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.007. Epub 2023 Mar 10.

Influence of age, gender, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and pre-existing diseases in antibody response after COVID-19 vaccination: A review

Maria da Conceição Rodrigues Fernandes  1 , Germana Silva Vasconcelos  1 , Amanda Campelo Lima de Melo  1 , Tamires Cardoso Matsui  1 , Ludmilla Freire Caetano  1 , Fernanda Montenegro de Carvalho Araújo  1 , Marcela Helena Gambim Fonseca  2
Affiliations
Review

Influence of age, gender, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and pre-existing diseases in antibody response after COVID-19 vaccination: A review

Maria da Conceição Rodrigues Fernandes et al. Mol Immunol. 2023 Apr.

Abstract

Vaccines induce specific long-term immunological memory against pathogens, preventing the worsening of diseases. The COVID-19 health emergency has caused more than 6 million deaths and started a race for vaccine development. Antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines has been investigated primarily in healthcare workers. The heterogeneity of immune responses and the behavior of this response in particular groups were still very little explored. In this review, we discuss whether antibody responses after vaccination are influenced by age, gender, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, or pre-existing diseases.

Keywords: Antibody response; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

ga1
Graphical abstract
See this image and copyright information in PMC

Similar articles

See all similar articles

Cited by

See all "Cited by" articles

References

    1. Anand S., Montez-Rath M.E., Han J., Garcia P., Cadden L., Hunsader P., Morgan C., Kerschmann R., Beyer P., Dittrich M., Block G.A., Chertow G.M., Parsonnet J. SARS-CoV-2 vaccine antibody response and breakthrough infection in patients receiving dialysis. Ann. Intern. Med. 2022;175:371–378. doi: 10.7326/M21-4176. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bachelet T., Bourdenx J.P., Martinez C., Mucha S., Martin-Dupont P., Perier V., Pommereau A. Humoral response after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in dialysis patients: integrating anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike-Protein-RBD antibody monitoring to manage dialysis centers in pandemic times. PLoS One. 2021:16. doi: 10.1371/JOURNAL.PONE.0257646. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Bayram A., Demirbakan H., Günel Karadeniz P., Erdoğan M., Koçer I. Quantitation of antibodies against SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein after two doses of CoronaVac in healthcare workers. J. Med. Virol. 2021;93:5560–5567. doi: 10.1002/JMV.27098. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Brisotto G., Muraro E., Montico M., Corso C., Evangelista C., Casarotto M., Caffau C., Vettori R., Cozzi M.R., Zanussi S., Turetta M., Ronchese F., Steffan A. IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 decay but persist 4 months after vaccination in a cohort of healthcare workers. Clin. Chim. Acta. 2021;523:476. doi: 10.1016/J.CCA.2021.10.035. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Broeders N.E., Hombrouck A., Lemy A., Wissing K.M., Racapé J., Gastaldello K., Massart A., van Gucht S., Weichselbaum L., de Mul A., Brochier B., Thomas I., Abramowicz D. Influenza A/H1N1 vaccine in patients treated by kidney transplant or dialysis: a cohort study. Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol. 2011;6:2573–2578. doi: 10.2215/CJN.04670511. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

Publication types