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Review
. 2023 Apr:156:148-155.
doi: 10.1016/j.molimm.2023.03.007. Epub 2023 Mar 10.

Influence of age, gender, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and pre-existing diseases in antibody response after COVID-19 vaccination: A review

Maria da Conceição Rodrigues Fernandes  1 , Germana Silva Vasconcelos  1 , Amanda Campelo Lima de Melo  1 , Tamires Cardoso Matsui  1 , Ludmilla Freire Caetano  1 , Fernanda Montenegro de Carvalho Araújo  1 , Marcela Helena Gambim Fonseca  2
Affiliations
Review

Influence of age, gender, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, and pre-existing diseases in antibody response after COVID-19 vaccination: A review

Maria da Conceição Rodrigues Fernandes et al. Mol Immunol. 2023 Apr.

Abstract

Vaccines induce specific long-term immunological memory against pathogens, preventing the worsening of diseases. The COVID-19 health emergency has caused more than 6 million deaths and started a race for vaccine development. Antibody response to COVID-19 vaccines has been investigated primarily in healthcare workers. The heterogeneity of immune responses and the behavior of this response in particular groups were still very little explored. In this review, we discuss whether antibody responses after vaccination are influenced by age, gender, previous SARS-CoV-2 infection, or pre-existing diseases.

Keywords: Antibody response; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; Vaccine.

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Conflict of interest statement

Conflict of interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest.

Figures

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