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. 2023 Mar 15;13(3):e068427.
doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068427.

Growth patterns in childhood and adolescence and adult body composition: a pooled analysis of birth cohort studies from five low and middle-income countries (COHORTS collaboration)

Natalia E Poveda  1 , Linda S Adair  2 , Reynaldo Martorell  1 , Shivani A Patel  1 , Manuel Ramirez-Zea  3 , Santosh K Bhargava  4 , Sonny A Bechayda  5 , Delia B Carba  5 , Maria F Kroker-Lobos  3 , Bernardo Lessa Horta  6 , Natália Peixoto Lima  6 , Mónica Mazariegos  3 , Ana Maria Baptista Menezes  6 , Shane A Norris  7 , Lukhanyo H Nyati  7 , Linda M Richter  8 , Harshpal Sachdev  9 , Fernando C Wehrmeister  6 , Aryeh D Stein  10
Affiliations

Growth patterns in childhood and adolescence and adult body composition: a pooled analysis of birth cohort studies from five low and middle-income countries (COHORTS collaboration)

Natalia E Poveda et al. BMJ Open. .

Abstract

Objective: We examined associations among serial measures of linear growth and relative weight with adult body composition.

Design: Secondary data analysis of prospective birth cohort studies.

Settings: Six birth cohorts from Brazil, Guatemala, India, the Philippines and South Africa.

Participants: 4173 individuals followed from birth to ages 22-46 years with complete and valid weight and height at birth, infancy, childhood and adolescence, and body composition in adult life.

Exposures: Birth weight and conditional size (standardised residuals of height representing linear growth and of relative weight representing weight increments independent of linear size) in infancy, childhood and adolescence.

Primary outcome measures: Body mass index, fat mass index (FMI), fat-free mass index (FFMI), fat mass/fat-free mass ratio (FM/FFM), and waist circumference in young and mid-adulthood.

Results: In pooled analyses, a higher birth weight and relative weight gains in infancy, childhood and adolescence were positively associated with all adult outcomes. Relative weight gains in childhood and adolescence were the strongest predictors of adult body composition (β (95% CI) among men: FMI (childhood: 0.41 (0.26 to 0.55); adolescence: 0.39 (0.27 to 0.50)), FFMI (childhood: 0.50 (0.34 to 0.66); adolescence: 0.43 (0.32 to 0.55)), FM/FFM (childhood: 0.31 (0.16 to 0.47); adolescence: 0.31 (0.19 to 0.43))). Among women, similar patterns were observed, but, effect sizes in adolescence were slightly stronger than in childhood. Conditional height in infancy was positively associated with FMI (men: 0.08 (0.03 to 0.14); women: 0.11 (0.07 to 0.16)). Conditional height in childhood was positively but weakly associated with women's adiposity. Site-specific and sex-stratified analyses showed consistency in the direction of estimates, although there were differences in their magnitude.

Conclusions: Prenatal and postnatal relative weight gains were positive predictors of larger body size and increased adiposity in adulthood. A faster linear growth in infancy was a significant but weak predictor of higher adult adiposity.

Keywords: EPIDEMIOLOGY; NUTRITION & DIETETICS; PUBLIC HEALTH.

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Conflict of interest statement

Competing interests: None declared.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flow chart of analytical samples selection, Consortium of Health-Oriented Research in Transitional Societies (COHORTS).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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