Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Feb 27:11:1093541.
doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1093541. eCollection 2023.

Variation in leisure sport conflicts and coping strategies depending on participation type and proximity during the COVID-19 pandemic

Young-Jae Kim  1 , Kyu-Lee Shin  2 , Seung-Woo Kang  1
Affiliations

Variation in leisure sport conflicts and coping strategies depending on participation type and proximity during the COVID-19 pandemic

Young-Jae Kim et al. Front Public Health. .

Abstract

Introduction: New conflict types have arisen in leisure sports activities due to social regulations designed to address COVID-19. We analyze the differences in conflict-inducing factors and coping strategies across various types of leisure sports and levels of spatial proximity.

Methods: Korean adults aged between 20 and 60 years, who had participated in leisure sports activities since the COVID-19 outbreak in January 2020, were surveyed, and 508 responses were collected for analysis. The differences in leisure sports conflicts and coping strategies across the types of leisure sports participation and spatial proximity were tested.

Results: The results show that conflict due to prejudice was higher in typical indoor sports activities, such as Pilates, yoga, and gym workouts, whereas conflict due to competition or not observing etiquette was higher in indoor golf. Second, conflict due to prior expectations and prejudice was high in outdoor sports activities, such as jogging and hiking. Finally, all participants showed avoidance behavior, but it was observed more frequently in outdoor sports than indoor sports.

Discussion: The study reveals how much leisure conflict is induced by various types of leisure sports participation, particularly during outdoor activities, which usually feature a relatively low density of participants. It underscores the necessity of developing structural approaches to resolving leisure conflicts in dangerous spaces or requiring intensive management and creating new leisure sports activities.

Keywords: COVID-19; coping strategy; leisure conflicts; leisure sports activities; spatial proximity.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

References

    1. Park KH, Lee SY, Kim JW. Leisure changes of university students by COVID-19 and the relationship on leisure motivation and health belief. Korean J Leis Recreat Park. (2020) 44:69–86. 10.26446/kjlrp.2020.9.44.3.69 - DOI
    1. Castañeda-Babarro A, Arbillaga-Etxarri A, Gutiérrez-Santamaría B, Coca A. Physical activity change during COVID-19 Confinement. Int J Environ Res Public Health. (2020) 17:6878. 10.3390/ijerph17186878 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Eek F, Larsson C, Wisén A, Ekvall Hansson EE. Self-perceived changes in physical activity and the relation to life satisfaction and rated physical capacity in Swedish adults during the COVID-19 pandemic-A cross sectional study. Int J Environ Res Public Health. (2021) 18:671. 10.3390/ijerph18020671 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Fearnbach SN, Flanagan EW, Höchsmann C, Beyl RA, Altazan AD, Martin CK, et al. . Factors protecting against a decline in physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Med Sci Sports Exerc. (2021) 53:1391–9. 10.1249/MSS.0000000000002602 - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Wilke J, Mohr L, Tenforde AS, Edouard P, Fossati C, González-Gross M, et al. . A pandemic within the pandemic? Physical activity levels substantially decreased in countries affected by COVID-19. Int J Environ Res Public Health. (2021) 18:2235. 10.3390/ijerph18052235 - DOI - PMC - PubMed