Pseudophakia as a surprising protective factor in neovascular age-related macular degeneration

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the impact of lens status on macular function among patients treated for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nvAMD) in whom scheduled intravitreal injections were delayed.

Methods: We reviewed demographic and clinical data as well as macular optical coherence tomographic images of 34 patients (48 eyes) who did not follow their injection schedule during the first wave of COVID-19 in Israel. Functional worsening was defined as a loss of at least 0.1 in decimal best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Morphological worsening was defined as new or increased subretinal/intraretinal fluid or a new hemorrhage. OCT indices of quality were used as a measure for cataract density and progression.

Results: Pseudophakia was associated with a better functional outcome than phakic status: there was a loss of 0.06±0.12 vs. 0.15±0.10 decimal BCVA in the pseudophakic and phakic eyes, respectively (P=.001). A similar trend was observed for morphological changes over the same period: there was an increase in macular thickness of 9±26% vs.12±40%, respectively (P=0.79). During the first wave of COVID-19, the index of OCT quality remained stable for phakic eyes (26±3.6 before the first wave of COVID-19, 26±2.9 afterward; P=1) and pseudophakic eyes (30±2.4 before the first wave of COVID-19, 30±2.6 afterward; P=1).

Conclusion: Pseudophakic eyes with nvAMD that missed their scheduled intravitreal injections experienced fewer morphological and functional complications than phakic eyes with nvAMD.

Keywords: AMD; COVID-19; Cataract; Cataracte; DMLA; OCT.