Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Mar 16;11(1):74.
doi: 10.1186/s40359-023-01084-8.

Validation of the Dimensions of Anger Reactions Scale (the DAR-5) in non-clinical South Korean adults

Hae Jin Kim  1 , Dong Hun Lee  2 , Jeong Han Kim  3 , Su-Eun Kang  1
Affiliations

Validation of the Dimensions of Anger Reactions Scale (the DAR-5) in non-clinical South Korean adults

Hae Jin Kim et al. BMC Psychol. .

Abstract

Background: Posttraumatic anger is a commonly reported emotion among people who have experienced traumatic events. The current study aimed to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the South Korean version of the DAR-5 (DAR-5-K). The DAR-5 is a single scale with 5 items which measures posttraumatic anger. The DAR-5 is composed of five items that measure anger frequency, intensity, duration, aggression, and its interference with social relations.

Methods: Data were collected from 814 South Korean adults who had experienced traumatic events and participated in the study and analyzed via the combination of exploratory factor analysis (n = 405) and confirmatory factor analysis (n = 409).

Results: Results supported the one-factor structure, as reported in previous validation studies. The scale demonstrated robust internal reliability and concurrent validity with measures of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem. The DAR-5 cut-off score of 12 that was established in the original validation study successfully differentiated high from low scorers with regard to PTSD symptoms, depression, anxiety, and self-esteem.

Conclusion: The results confirm that the DAR-5-K is a brief and psychometrically robust measure of anger that can be used to examine South Korean adults who have experienced traumatic events.

Keywords: Adults; DAR-5; Posttraumatic anger; South Korea; Validation.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Results of the scree plot for the overall sample (N = 814)
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Results of the Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the DAR-5-K (N = 409)
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Forbes D, Hawthorne G, Elliott P, McHugh T, Biddle D, Creamer M, Novaco RW. A concise measure of anger in combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder. J Trauma Stress. 2004;17(3):249–56. doi: 10.1023/b:jots.0000029268.22161.bd. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Novaco RW. (2010). Anger and psychopathology. International handbook of anger (pp. 465–497).Springer, New York, NY.
    1. Forbes D, Alkemade N, Mitchell D, Elhai JD, Mchugh T, Bates G, Lewis V. Utility of the dimensions of anger Reactions-5 (Dar-5) Scale as a brief anger measure. Depress Anxiety. 2014;31(2):166–73. doi: 10.1002/da.22148. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Forbes D, Alkemade N, Hopcraft D, Hawthorne G, O’Halloran P, Elhai JD, Lewis V. Evaluation of the dimensions of anger Reactions-5 (DAR-5) scale in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2014;28(8):830–5. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.09.015. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Turgoose D, Murphy D. Anger and aggression in UK Treatment-Seeking veterans with PTSD. Healthcare. 2018;6(3):86. doi: 10.3390/healthcare6030086. - DOI - PMC - PubMed