Evaluation of Collateral Circulation in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke

Abstract

The cerebral collateral circulation is an increasingly important consideration in the management of acute ischemic stroke and is a key determinant of outcomes. Growing evidence has demonstrated that better collaterals can predict the rate of infarct progression, degree of recanalization, the likelihood of hemorrhagic transformation and various therapeutic opportunities. Collaterals can also identify those unlikely to respond to reperfusion therapies, helping to optimize resources. More randomized trials are needed to evaluate the risks and benefits of endovascular reperfusion with consideration of collateral status. This reviews our current understanding of the pathophysiologic mechanisms, effect on outcomes and strategies for improvement of the collateral system.

Keywords: Acute ischemic stroke; Cerebral blood flow; Collaterals; Endovascular reperfusion; Extended time window; Leptomeningeal anastomoses; Vasodilation.