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Case Reports
. 2023 Jul;44(7):2291-2304.
doi: 10.1007/s10072-023-06716-w. Epub 2023 Mar 18.

Bithalamic infarction in a tentorial dural artero-venous fistula and thalamic dementia: a case report and systematic review

Valentina Ferrazzoli  1   2 , Eliseo Picchi  1   2 , Francesca Pitocchi  2 , Leonardo Vattermoli  3 , Noemi Pucci  2 , Francesca Di Giuliano  1   2 , Andrea Wlderk  4 , Maria Rosaria Bagnato  5 , Valerio Da Ros  4 , Francesco Garaci  1   2 , Roberto Floris  1   2
Affiliations
Case Reports

Bithalamic infarction in a tentorial dural artero-venous fistula and thalamic dementia: a case report and systematic review

Valentina Ferrazzoli et al. Neurol Sci. 2023 Jul.

Abstract

Purpose: To report a case of bilateral thalamic infarction (BTI) presenting as progressive thalamic dementia due to a midline tentorial dAVF (TdAVF) and to provide a systematic review of the literature.

Methods: We performed a systematic literature review of previously reported cases of bi-thalamic signal changes due to dAVF considering population characteristics, clinical presentation, imaging findings, treatments, and outcomes.

Results: We found 29 papers from 1985 until 2021 describing 35 cases of BTI dAVF-related. We analysed 36 cases comprehensive of our case report. The mean age was 58.7 years (range 38-79), 91.6% were males (n=33). Most cases presented with a subacute syndrome. In 86.1% (n=31) of cases a TdAVF was found; 58.3% (n=21) were type 2 Borden-Shucart fistulas, the remaining were mostly type 3. In 80.5% (n=29), a thrombosed sinus was identified. 33.3% of cases (n=12) had bi-thalamic haemorrhages. Endovascular treatment was performed in 83.3% of cases (n=30). A total of 75% (n=27) of cases had a good recovery.

Conclusions: BTIs due to dAVFs may present with subacute symptoms overlapping with several differential diagnoses. Prompt identification at MRI, before venous drainage failure and bleeding, is crucial for a good prognosis.

Keywords: Dementia; Dural artero-venous fistula; Intracranial haemorrage; Tentorial dAVF; Thalamic edema.

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