Monkeypox epidemiology, clinical presentation, and transmission: a systematic review

doi:10.1186/s12245-023-00491-3

Review

. 2023 Mar 17;16(1):20.

doi: 10.1186/s12245-023-00491-3.

Monkeypox epidemiology, clinical presentation, and transmission: a systematic review

Ashima Sharma¹, Hari Prasad², Nidhi Kaeley³, Aparna Bondalapati¹, Lokesh Edara⁴, Y Ajay Kumar¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Emergency Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500082, India.
² Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India.
³ Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India. nidhi.em@aiimsrishikesh.edu.in.
⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.

PMID: 36932335
PMCID: PMC10021050
DOI: 10.1186/s12245-023-00491-3

Review

Monkeypox epidemiology, clinical presentation, and transmission: a systematic review

Ashima Sharma et al. Int J Emerg Med. 2023.

. 2023 Mar 17;16(1):20.

doi: 10.1186/s12245-023-00491-3.

Authors

Ashima Sharma¹, Hari Prasad², Nidhi Kaeley³, Aparna Bondalapati¹, Lokesh Edara⁴, Y Ajay Kumar¹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Emergency Medicine, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500082, India.
² Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India.
³ Department of Emergency Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India. nidhi.em@aiimsrishikesh.edu.in.
⁴ Department of Internal Medicine, Western Michigan University School of Medicine, Kalamazoo, MI, USA.

PMID: 36932335
PMCID: PMC10021050
DOI: 10.1186/s12245-023-00491-3

Abstract

Background: The new zoonotic viral infection, monkeypox, is a global health issue. Our study aimed at studying the epidemiology, clinical presentation, complications, case fatality rate, and transmission among the present cases of monkeypox infection.

Methods: Articles were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct databases using the keywords "Monkeypox" [MeSH] or "Monkeypox virus" (MeSH). Narrative reviews, conference abstracts, commentaries, and articles in languages other than English were excluded.

Results: From three databases, 1442 studies were identified. Seven hundred ten articles were excluded because they included data before 2022, leaving 732 items for screening. After filtering 320 data due to data duplication, 412 remained. Due to the inclusion of systematic reviews, meta-analyses, reviews, comments, and articles in languages other than English, 257 were excluded. Eligibility based on full-text review was applied to the remaining 155, excluding 129. So, the study covered a total of remaining 26 articles. We studied 2352 confirmed cases from published literature, accounting for approximately 4% of infected cases worldwide. Around 81.71% of patients have a bisexual or men having sex with men (MSM) preference. Approximately 30.18% of confirmed cases were HIV positive. Male sex was also identified as a risk factor in our review.

Conclusion: Monkeypox human-to-human and human-to-animal transmission are rising. Thus, it is essential to do research on the prevention, clinicodemographic trends, and treatment of monkeypox. Understanding this will enable us to treat monkeypox patients with a targeted and focused approach.

Keywords: Complications; Epidemiology; Monkeypox; Monkeypox virus; Transmission.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

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References

1. Foster SO, Brink EW, Hutchins DL, Pifer JM, Lourie B, Moser CR, et al. Human monkeypox. Bull World Health Organ. 1972;46(5):569–576. - PMC - PubMed
1. WHO Director-General declares the ongoing monkeypox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern [Internet]. [cited 2022 December 3]. Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/23-07-2022-who-director-general-dec...
1. Antinori A, Mazzotta V, Vita S, Carletti F, Tacconi D, Lapini LE, et al. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission through sexual contact, Italy, May 2022. Eurosurveillance. 2022;27(22):2200421. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200421. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Sukhdeo SS, Aldhaheri K, Lam PW, Walmsley S. A case of human monkeypox in Canada. CMAJ. 2022;194(29):E1031–5. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.220886. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
1. Jang YR, Lee M, Shin H, Kim JW, Choi M min, Kim YM, et al. The first case of monkeypox in the Republic of Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2022;37(27):e224. Available from: https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1516078937. - PMC - PubMed

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[1] Foster SO, Brink EW, Hutchins DL, Pifer JM, Lourie B, Moser CR, et al. Human monkeypox. Bull World Health Organ. 1972;46(5):569–576. - PMC - PubMed

[2] Foster SO, Brink EW, Hutchins DL, Pifer JM, Lourie B, Moser CR, et al. Human monkeypox. Bull World Health Organ. 1972;46(5):569–576. - PMC - PubMed

[3] WHO Director-General declares the ongoing monkeypox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern [Internet]. [cited 2022 December 3]. Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/23-07-2022-who-director-general-dec...

[4] WHO Director-General declares the ongoing monkeypox outbreak a Public Health Emergency of International Concern [Internet]. [cited 2022 December 3]. Available from: https://www.who.int/europe/news/item/23-07-2022-who-director-general-dec...

[5] Antinori A, Mazzotta V, Vita S, Carletti F, Tacconi D, Lapini LE, et al. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission through sexual contact, Italy, May 2022. Eurosurveillance. 2022;27(22):2200421. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200421. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[6] Antinori A, Mazzotta V, Vita S, Carletti F, Tacconi D, Lapini LE, et al. Epidemiological, clinical and virological characteristics of four cases of monkeypox support transmission through sexual contact, Italy, May 2022. Eurosurveillance. 2022;27(22):2200421. doi: 10.2807/1560-7917.ES.2022.27.22.2200421. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[7] Sukhdeo SS, Aldhaheri K, Lam PW, Walmsley S. A case of human monkeypox in Canada. CMAJ. 2022;194(29):E1031–5. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.220886. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[8] Sukhdeo SS, Aldhaheri K, Lam PW, Walmsley S. A case of human monkeypox in Canada. CMAJ. 2022;194(29):E1031–5. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.220886. - DOI - PMC - PubMed

[9] Jang YR, Lee M, Shin H, Kim JW, Choi M min, Kim YM, et al. The first case of monkeypox in the Republic of Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2022;37(27):e224. Available from: https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1516078937. - PMC - PubMed

[10] Jang YR, Lee M, Shin H, Kim JW, Choi M min, Kim YM, et al. The first case of monkeypox in the Republic of Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 2022;37(27):e224. Available from: https://synapse.koreamed.org/articles/1516078937. - PMC - PubMed

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Monkeypox epidemiology, clinical presentation, and transmission: a systematic review

Affiliations

Monkeypox epidemiology, clinical presentation, and transmission: a systematic review

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Affiliations

Abstract

Conflict of interest statement

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Abstract

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