Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
Meta-Analysis
. 2023 Mar 17;23(1):169.
doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08119-w.

Does telehealth affect the adherence to ART among patients with HIV? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Elham Davtalab Esmaeili  1 , Hosein Azizi  2   3 , Saeed Dastgiri  4 , Leila R Kalankesh  5
Affiliations
Meta-Analysis

Does telehealth affect the adherence to ART among patients with HIV? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Elham Davtalab Esmaeili et al. BMC Infect Dis. .

Abstract

Background: Several studies have shown different effects of telehealth interventions on adherence to Antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people living with HIV. This study conducted a meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) to estimate the pooled effect of telehealth interventions on the treatment adherence of HIV patients.

Methods: The researchers conducted literature searches in Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases. In addition, open grey was systematically searched until January 2022 for RCTs around the effects of telehealth on adherence to treatment ART among patients with HIV. Each study's methodological quality was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. Pooled Standard Mean Differences (SMD) and Risk Ratio (RR) with 95% CI were calculated using the random effects model.

Results: In total, 12 eligible articles were considered in the present systematic review. A random-effects meta-analysis using 5 RCTs yielded the pooled RR estimate of 1.18 (95% CI: 1.03 to 1.35, p < 0.05); I2 = 0, suggesting the adherence to treatment among patients with HIV who received telehealth intervention was significantly 18% upper than control groups. Moreover, the random effects analysis of SMD showed a positive effect for telehealth with SMR = 0.36 (95% CI: 0.22 to 0.49, p < 0.05); I2 = 91.9%, indicating that telehealth intervention increased ART adherence to the treatment group compared to the control group.

Conclusion: Telehealth intervention as a new modality of health care service delivery could be a valuable strategy to improve ART adherence among patients with HIV. It can strengthen the capacity of HIV care services. On a large scale, telehealth can be utilized as a supplementary component for ART delivery and retention toward successful adherence to the therapy.

Keywords: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; Adherence; Antiretroviral therapy (ART); Digital Health; HIV; Meta-analysis; Telemedicine.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have no competing interests to declare.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Flowchart demonstrates studies selection process
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Forest plot showing the pooled Risk Ratio of telehealth effect on ART adherence of treatment in patients with HIV, using random effects model
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Forest plot showing the pooled standard mean difference of telehealth effect on adherence of treatment in patients with HIV, using random effects model
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Heidari M, Ghodusi Borujeni M, Naseh L. A comparative study on the Effects of Verbal and non-verbal education on the knowledge and attitude of soldiers regarding the transmission and Prevention of AIDS. J Military Med. 2014;16(3):169–77.
    1. Mehrabi TA, Esmi N, Khoubdel M. Soldirs’ Knowledge on hygiene status in military training course. J Military Med. 2009; 10(4):293–7.
    1. Hosseini-Shokouh S-J, Dabaghi P, Shahrabadi R. The effectiveness of AIDS Prevention Education Program on reducing risk factors with Community Based Approach in soldiers and military staff. J Mil Med. 2019;21(4):372–9.
    1. WHO. Global progress report on HIV, viral hepatitis and sexually transmitted infections, 2021: accountability for the global health sector strategies 2016–2021: actions for impact: web annex 2: data methods. 2021.
    1. Case KK, Johnson LF, Mahy M, Marsh K, Supervie V, Eaton JW. Summarizing the results and methods of the 2019 Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS HIV estimates. AIDS. 2019;33(Suppl 3):197. doi: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002440. - DOI - PMC - PubMed