Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Mar 18;8(1):44.
doi: 10.1038/s41541-023-00642-w.

Evaluation of the immunization effectiveness of bOPV booster immunization and IPV revaccination

Zhao Yu-Ping #  1   2   3 , Li Jing #  1   2   3 , Huang Teng #  4 , Ying Zhi-Fang #  5 , Zhao Ting #  1   2   3 , Che Yan-Chun  1 , Zhao Zhi-Mei  1 , Fu Yu-Ting  1 , Tao Jun-Hui  6 , Yang Qing-Hai  7 , Wei Ding-Kai  8 , Li Guo-Liang  1   2   3 , Yang Xiao-Lei  1   2   3 , Yi Li  1   2   3 , Chen Hong-Bo  1   2 , Wang Jian-Feng  5 , Jiang Rui-Ju  1 , Yu Lei  1   2 , Cai Wei  1   2 , Yang Wei  1   2 , Xie Ming-Xue  1   2 , Yin Qiong-Zhou  1 , Pu Jing  1 , Shi Li  1 , Hong Chao  1 , Deng Yan  1   2 , Cai Lu-Kui  1   2   3 , Zhou Jian  1 , Wen Yu  1   2 , Li Hong-Sen  1   2   3 , Huang Wei  1   2   3 , Mo Zhao-Jun  9 , Li Chang-Gui  10 , Li Qi-Han  11   12 , Yang Jing-Si  13   14   15
Affiliations

Evaluation of the immunization effectiveness of bOPV booster immunization and IPV revaccination

Zhao Yu-Ping et al. NPJ Vaccines. .

Abstract

To provide a basis for further optimization of the polio sequential immunization schedule, this study evaluated the effectiveness of booster immunization with one dose of bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine (bOPV) at 48 months of age after different primary polio immunization schedules. At 48 months of age, one dose of bOPV was administered, and their poliovirus types 1-3 (PV1, PV2, and PV3, respectively)-specific neutralizing antibody levels were determined. Participants found to be negative for any type of PV-specific neutralizing antibody at 24, 36, or 48 months of age were re-vaccinated with inactivated polio vaccine (IPV). The 439 subjects who received a bOPV booster immunization at the age of 48 months had lower PV2-specific antibody levels compared with those who received IPV. One dose of IPV during basic polio immunization induced the lowest PV2-specific antibody levels. On the basis of our findings, to ensure that no less than 70% of the vaccinated have protection efficiency, we recommend the following: if basic immunization was conducted with 1IPV + 2bOPV (especially Sabin strain-based IPV), a booster immunization with IPV is recommended at 36 months of age, whereas if basic immunization was conducted with 2IPV + 1bOPV, a booster immunization with IPV is recommended at 48 months of age. A sequential immunization schedule of 2IPV + 1bOPV + 1IPV can not only maintain high levels of antibody against PV1 and PV3 but also increases immunity to PV2 and induces early intestinal mucosal immunity, with relatively good safety. Thus, this may be the best sequential immunization schedule for polio in countries or regions at high risk for polio.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1. Flow chart of the study protocol for this polio booster immunization clinical trial.
IPV inactivated poliovirus vaccine, bOPV bivalent oral poliovirus vaccine. Blue box: immunopersistence study, which is not within the scope of the present analysis; red boxes: descriptions of the situations of those who did not participate in this booster immunization clinical trial.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2. GMT for neutralizing antibody against PV1, PV2, and PV3 at 28 days after revaccination with IPV.
Differences in antibody levels between groups were compared after log-transformation of the GMT (95%CI). The sample size is 1 (n = 1), so GMT and 95%CI cannot be calculated. Statistical test: Kruskal–Wallis test; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001. error bars: Standard Deviation (s.d.). a–c Re-vaccined with IPV at 24 months of age. wIPV-bOPV-bOPV(-IPV): n = 28; wIPV-wIPV-bOPV(-IPV): n = 2; wIPV-wIPV-tOPV(-IPV): n = 1; sIPV-bOPV-bOPV(-IPV): n = 49; sIPV-sIPV-bOPV(-IPV): n = 4; sIPV-sIPV-tOPV(-IPV): n = 1. d–f Re-vaccined with IPV at 36 months of age. wIPV-bOPV-bOPV(-IPV): n = 24; wIPV-wIPV-bOPV(-IPV): n = 12; wIPV-wIPV-tOPV(-IPV): n = 5; sIPV-bOPV-bOPV(-IPV): n = 53; sIPV-sIPV-bOPV(-IPV): n = 23; sIPV-sIPV-tOPV(-IPV): n = 5. g–i Re-vaccined with IPV at 48 months of age. wIPV-bOPV-bOPV(-IPV): n = 18; wIPV-wIPV-bOPV(-IPV): n = 23; wIPV-wIPV-tOPV(-IPV): n = 1; sIPV-bOPV-bOPV(-IPV): n = 27; sIPV-sIPV-bOPV(-IPV): n = 20; sIPV-sIPV-tOPV(-IPV): n = 0.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3. GMT for neutralizing antibody against PV1, PV2, and PV3 before booster immunization at 48 months of age.
Differences in antibody levels between groups were compared after log-transformation of the GMT (95%CI). Statistical test: Kruskal–Wallis test; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001. error bars: Standard Deviation (s.d.). a GMT for neutralizing antibody against PV1. b GMT for neutralizing antibody against PV2. c GMT for neutralizing antibody against PV3. wIPV-bOPV-bOPV: n = 58; wIPV-wIPV-bOPV: n = 73; wIPV-wIPV-tOPV: n = 109; sIPV-bOPV-bOPV: n = 20; sIPV-sIPV-bOPV: n = 71; sIPV-sIPV-tOPV: n = 108.
Fig. 4
Fig. 4. GMT for neutralizing antibody against PV1, PV2, and PV3 at 28 days after booster immunization at 48 months of age.
Differences in antibody levels between groups were compared after log-transformation of the GMT (95%CI). Statistical test: Kruskal–Wallis test; *p < 0.05; **p < 0.001. error bars: Standard Deviation (s.d.). a GMT for neutralizing antibody against PV1. b GMT for neutralizing antibody against PV2. c GMT for neutralizing antibody against PV3. wIPV-bOPV-bOPV(-bOPV): n = 58; wIPV-wIPV-bOPV(-bOPV): n = 73; wIPV-wIPV-tOPV(-bOPV): n = 109; sIPV-bOPV-bOPV(-bOPV): n = 20; sIPV-sIPV-bOPV(-bOPV): n = 71; sIPV-sIPV-tOPV(-bOPV): n = 108.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Bandyopadhyay AS, et al. Polio vaccination: past, present and future[J] Future Microbiol. 2015;10:791–808. doi: 10.2217/fmb.15.19. - DOI - PubMed
    1. Gurung S, et al. Experience with inactivated polio vaccine introduction and the “switch” from trivalent to bivalent oral polio vaccine in the World Health Organization’s Western Pacific region. J. Infect. Dis. 2017;216:S101–S108. doi: 10.1093/infdis/jiw574. - DOI - PMC - PubMed
    1. Diop Ousmane M, et al. Update on vaccine-derived polioviruses-worldwide, January 2014-March 2015[J] MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly. Rep. 2015;64:640–646. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Global Polio Eradication Initiative. Polio Eradication Strategy 2022-2026: Delivering on a Promise. 2021. https://polioeradication.org/gpei-strategy-2022-2026/ (Accessed 22 Feb 2022).
    1. Hampton Lee M, et al. Cessation of trivalent oral poliovirus vaccine and introduction of inactivated poliovirus vaccine-worldwide, 2016[J] MMWR Morb. Mortal Wkly. Rep. 2016;65:934–938. doi: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6535a3. - DOI - PubMed