Retrospective study on the therapeutic efficacy of zinc acetate hydrate administration to patients with hypozincemia-induced dysgeusia

Abstract

Background: Dysgeusia is a relatively early symptom of zinc deficiency, and zinc replacement is effective in treating dysgeusia. The administration of zinc acetate hydrate (ZAH) was approved in 2017 for patients with hypozincemia in Japan. This retrospective study was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of ZAH administration in patients with hypozincemia-induced dysgeusia.

Methods: Patients with hypozincemia-induced dysgeusia who visited our hospital from May 2013 to December 2019 were included in this study. ZAH (zinc content; 50 mg/day) was administered to 42 patients for 24 weeks. The taste test was performed using the filter paper disk method, and the total cognitive thresholds of the left and right chorda tympani regions were used. Changes in taste function, serum zinc and copper levels, and copper/zinc ratio were analyzed. A total of 28 patients who received polaprezinc (PPZ, zinc content; 34 mg/day) for 24 weeks, who were prescribed until ZAH was approved, were registered as controls.

Results: Serum zinc levels at 12 and 24 weeks after ZAH or PPZ administration were higher than those before administration. These levels were significantly higher in the ZAH-treated group than in the PPZ-treated group. However, serum copper levels did not significantly change before and after administration. In the taste test, the taste thresholds for the acidity and salty at 12 and 24 weeks after ZAH administration were significantly decreased compared to before administration. In contrast, in the PPZ group, the taste thresholds for the acidity and salty were significantly decreased 24 weeks after administration.

Conclusions: ZAH (50 mg/day) administration was effective in improving the gustatory sensitivity of patients with dysgeusia and hypozincemia 12 weeks after administration without affecting the serum copper level. ZAH was also more effective than PPZ.

Keywords: Copper/zinc ratio; Dysgeusia; Hypocupremia; Hypozincemia; Zinc acetate hydrate.

Fig. 1

Changes in serum Zn, Cu levels and Cu/Zn ratio in patients receiving ZAH or PPZ. Serum Zn levels increased after receiving oral Zn supplements. These levels were significantly higher in the ZAH-treated group than in the PPZ-treated group (A). The mean change in serum zinc levels was greater in the group that received the zinc supplements for 24 weeks than in the group that received it for 12 weeks (B). No change was observed in serum Cu levels after the oral administration of Zn supplements (C). After the administration, the Cu/Zn ratio was lower in both groups than that before the administration (D). Each bar represents mean ± standard deviation. ^*P < 0.05 (vs week 0, paired t test)

Fig. 2

Changes in taste threshold in patients receiving ZAH or PPZ. At 12 and 24 weeks after ZAH administration, the taste scores of acidity and salty were significantly lower than those before administration (A). At 12 weeks after PPZ administration, the taste scores of acidity and salty were significantly lower than those before administration (B). In total of 4 tastes (sweet, salty, sour and bitter), a significant decrease in taste threshold was observed in the ZAH-administered group at 12 and 24 weeks after administration, and in the PPZ-administered group at 24 weeks after administration (C). Each bar represents mean ± standard deviation. ^* P < 0.05 (vs week 0, paired t test)