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Review
. 2023 Mar 2:17:1108212.
doi: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1108212. eCollection 2023.

Viral-induced neuroinflammation: Different mechanisms converging to similar exacerbated glial responses

Brenda Rocamonde  1   2 , Uzma Hasan  3   4 , Cyrille Mathieu  5 , Hélène Dutartre  1   2
Affiliations
Review

Viral-induced neuroinflammation: Different mechanisms converging to similar exacerbated glial responses

Brenda Rocamonde et al. Front Neurosci. .

Abstract

There is increasing evidence that viral infections are the source/origin of various types of encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and other neurological and cognitive disorders. While the involvement of certain viruses, such as the Nipah virus and measles virus, is known, the mechanisms of neural invasion and the factors that trigger intense immune reactions are not fully understood. Based on recent publications, this review discusses the role of the immune response, interactions between viruses and glial cells, and cytokine mediators in the development of inflammatory diseases in the central nervous system. It also highlights the significant gaps in knowledge regarding these mechanisms.

Keywords: HAM/TSP pathogenesis; HTLV-1; Nipah virus (NiV); encephalitis; measles virus; multiple sclerosis; neuro-infection.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

FIGURE 1
FIGURE 1
Graphical representation of viral-induced neuroinflammation. (Left) Illustration of the route of infection through the nasopharyngeal route or blood fluids into the circulating system and the entry into the central nervous system (CNS) commonly by disruption of the blood-brain barrier (BBB). (Right) Illustration with the main viruses infecting the different CNS resident cells and the inflammatory response produced by oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglia to viral infection.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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