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Review
. 2023 Mar 3:13:1028086.
doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1028086. eCollection 2022.

Nanotechnology in combating biofilm: A smart and promising therapeutic strategy

Yugal Kishore Mohanta  1 , Ishani Chakrabartty  1   2 , Awdhesh Kumar Mishra  3 , Hitesh Chopra  4 , Saurov Mahanta  5 , Satya Kumar Avula  6 , Kaustuvmani Patowary  1 , Ramzan Ahmed  1   7 , Bibhudutta Mishra  8 , Tapan Kumar Mohanta  6 , Muthupandian Saravanan  9 , Nanaocha Sharma  10
Affiliations
Review

Nanotechnology in combating biofilm: A smart and promising therapeutic strategy

Yugal Kishore Mohanta et al. Front Microbiol. .

Abstract

Since the birth of civilization, people have recognized that infectious microbes cause serious and often fatal diseases in humans. One of the most dangerous characteristics of microorganisms is their propensity to form biofilms. It is linked to the development of long-lasting infections and more severe illness. An obstacle to eliminating such intricate structures is their resistance to the drugs now utilized in clinical practice (biofilms). Finding new compounds with anti-biofilm effect is, thus, essential. Infections caused by bacterial biofilms are something that nanotechnology has lately shown promise in treating. More and more studies are being conducted to determine whether nanoparticles (NPs) are useful in the fight against bacterial infections. While there have been a small number of clinical trials, there have been several in vitro outcomes examining the effects of antimicrobial NPs. Nanotechnology provides secure delivery platforms for targeted treatments to combat the wide range of microbial infections caused by biofilms. The increase in pharmaceuticals' bioactive potential is one of the many ways in which nanotechnology has been applied to drug delivery. The current research details the utilization of several nanoparticles in the targeted medication delivery strategy for managing microbial biofilms, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, liposomes, micro-, and nanoemulsions, solid lipid nanoparticles, and polymeric nanoparticles. Our understanding of how these nanosystems aid in the fight against biofilms has been expanded through their use.

Keywords: anti-biofilm activity; food biofilm; medical biofilm; microbial biofilms; nanotechnology.

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Conflict of interest statement

Author IC is employed by Indegene Pvt. Ltd. recently; however, during the manuscript preparation/initial submission, she was employed at USTM and declare that the work was without any commercial or financial relationship that could be a potential conflict of interest. The remaining authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The reviewer JL declared a shared affiliation with the author AM to the handling editor at the time of review.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Life cycle of microbial biofilm.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Biofilm and nanoparticle interaction mechanisms. (A) Released ions interact with biofilm functional groups. (B) Release ROS which kills bacteria and EPS. (C) Antimicrobial-loaded polymeric NPs penetrate biofilm and deliver drugs to bacteria. (D) Near-infrared (NIR) light irradiation causes localized heat to rise, which kills EPS and bacterial cells. (E) Antimicrobial-encapsulated liposomes fuse with bacterial cell membranes to deliver the drug inside.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Different therapeutic target sites against biofilm formation by nanomaterials.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in biofilm activity.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Structures of microemulsions and nanoemulsions.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Structure of the solid lipid nanoparticles.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Structure of polymeric nanoparticles used in active drug delivery to the target cells.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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