Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells induction in peri-implantitis Rattus norvegicus accelerates and enhances osteogenesis activity and implant osseointegration

Abstract

Peri-implantitis additional treatment generally aims to repair damaged tissue through a regenerative approach. Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUCMSCs) produce a high osteogenic effect and are capable of modulating the immune system by suppressing inflammatory response, modulating bone resorption, and inducing endogenous osteogenesis.

Aim: This study was intended to discover the effect of hUCMSCs on an implant osseointegration process in peri-implantitis rat subjects as assessed by several markers including interleukin-10 (IL-10), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa- β ligand (RANKL), bone morphogenic protein (BMP-2), osterix (Osx), and osteoprotegerin (OPG).

Material and methods: The research design implemented during this study represented a true experimental design incorporating the use of Rattus norvegicus (Wistar strain) as subjects.

Results: Data analysed by means of a Brown Forsythe test indicated differences between the increase in BMP-2 expression (p < 0.000) and Osx expression (p < 0.001) and between RANKL expression (p < 0.001, Tukey HSD) and OPG expression (p < 0.000, Games Howell).

Conclusion: According to the findings of this research, hUCMSCs induction is successful in accelerating and enhancing osteogenic activity and implant osseointegration in peri-implantitis rat subjects.

Keywords: Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; Implant; Medicine; Osseointegration; Peri-implantitis.

Fig. 1

Left: The immunohistochemical staining of IL-10 expression in all peri-implantitis groups contained in osteoblast cells around the implant site. The black arrow indicates osteoblast cells with an overexpression of IL-10. Scale bar = 50 µm. Each box is presented at 1000x magnification. C1 (implant 2 weeks), C2 (implant 4 weeks), T1 (implant + hUCMSCs 2 weeks), T2 (implant + hUCMSCs 4 weeks). Right: Mean of IRS of IL-10 expressions together with its standard deviation. Single asterisk (*) above the bars represents p value < 0.05, double asterisk (**) represents p value < 0.01, and triple asterisk (***) represents p value < 0.001.

Fig. 2

(A) The immunohistochemical staining of BMP-2 A in all peri-implantitis groups in the osteoblast cells around the implant site. (B). The immunohistochemical staining of Osx expression in all peri-implantitis groups in osteoblast cells around the implant site. The black arrow indicates the osteoblast cells with an overexpression of BMP-2 and Osx. Scale bar = 50 µm. Each box represented positive cells at 1000x magnification. C1 (implant 2 weeks), C2 (implant 4 weeks), T1 (implant + hUCMSCs 2 weeks), T2 (implant + hUCMSCs 4 weeks). (C) Mean of IRS of BMP-2 and Osx expressions together with its standard deviation. The single asterisk (*) above the bars represents p value < 0.05, double asterisk (**) represents p value < 0.01, and triple asterisk (***) represents p value < 0.001.

Fig. 3

(A) The immunohistochemical staining of RANKL expression of all peri-implantitis groups in the osteoblast cells around the implant site. (B). The immunohistochemical staining of OPG expression in all peri-implantitis groups in osteoblast cells around the implant site. The black arrow indicates the osteoblast cells with an overexpression of RANKL and OPG. Scale bar = 50 µm. Each box represents cells at 1000x magnification. C1 (implant 2 weeks), C2 (implant 4 weeks), T1 (implant + hUCMSCs 2 weeks), T2 (implant + hUCMSCs 4 weeks). (C) Mean of IRS of RANKL and OPG expressions together with its standard deviation. Single asterisk (*) above bars represents p value < 0.05, double asterisk (**) represents p value < 0.01, and triple asterisk (***) represents p value < 0.001.