Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Mar 21;13(1):4606.
doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-31794-3.

Enhancing bio-oil yield extracted from Egyptian castor seeds by using microwave and ultrasonic

El-Sayed G Khater  1 , Soha A Abd Allah  2 , Adel H Bahnasawy  2 , Hassan M Abu Hashish  3
Affiliations

Enhancing bio-oil yield extracted from Egyptian castor seeds by using microwave and ultrasonic

El-Sayed G Khater et al. Sci Rep. .

Abstract

Energy scarcity and conventional energy problems are the main reason of finding a renewable source of energy which is cheap and environmental friendly, therefore, biodiesel production is one of the most promising solutions of this problem. Also, Egyptian castor is one of the most important crops for oil production compared with other commonly used oil crops. The main aim of this study is to enhance the production of bio-oil from Egyptian castor seeds by using microwave and ultrasonic as pre-treatments. To achieve that, the effects of extraction screw speed (20, 40 and 60 rpm) and temperature (100, 150, 200 and 250 °C) on oil extraction yield and quality, extraction energy requirements and extraction time and were studied. Also, the effect of pretreatment conditions of microwave at three levels of power (Low, Med and High) and different times (1, 2 and 3 min) and pretreatment condition ultrasonic with different temperatures (40, 60 and 80 °C) and different times (15, 30 and 45 min) for castor seeds before extraction with the optimum condition of the screw press on oil extraction yield from castor seeds, extraction energy, extraction time and quality of the oil extracted. The results indicate that the optimum conditions oil extraction by screw press were 200 °C extraction temperature and 60 rpm screw speed. It could be seen that the extraction oil yield, extraction energy requirements and extraction time were 35.59%, 18.68 and 1.86 min, respectively. Microwave pretreatments had better on oil yield and energy required for extraction compared to ultrasonic pretreatments, where, microwave pretreatments recorded high oil yield and lower energy requirements compared to the ultrasonic pretreatments. Oil yield ranged from 32.67 to 37.41% compared to 13.29 to 39.83% in literature. The time required for extraction was ranged from 1.77 to 2.00 and 1.79 to 2.21 min for microwave and ultrasonic pretreatments, respectively. The pretreatment improved properties of the extracted oil.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing interests.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Schematic diagram of oil extraction by screw press from Egyptian castor seeds.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Photograph of the screw press.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Microwave machine.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Ultrasonic cleaner.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Effect of extraction screw speed and temperature on oil extraction yield castor.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Effect of extraction screw speed and temperature on extraction energy.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Effect of extraction screw speed and temperature on extraction time.
Figure 8
Figure 8
(a) Effect of microwave condition on oil extraction yield. (b) Effect of ultrasonic condition on oil extraction yield.
Figure 9
Figure 9
(a) Effect of microwave condition on oil extraction energy. (b) Effect of ultrasonic condition on extraction energy.
Figure 10
Figure 10
(a) Effect of microwave condition on oil extraction time. (b) Effect of ultrasonic condition on oil extraction time.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. González-Torres M, Pérez-Lombard L, Coronel JF, Maestre IR, Yan D. A review on buildings energy information: Trends, end-uses, fuels and drivers. Energy Rep. 2022;8:626–637. doi: 10.1016/j.egyr.2021.11.280. - DOI
    1. Ribeiro SK, Creutzig F, Dubeux CA, Hupe J, Kobayashi S. Energy end-use: Transport. In: Johansson TB, Nakicenovic N, Patwardhan A, Gomez-Echeverri L, editors. Global energy assessment (GEA) Cambridge University Press; 2012. pp. 575–648.
    1. International Energy Agency. Energy Efficiency Requirements in Building Codes, Energy Efficiency Policies for New Buildings. IEA Information Paper. International Energy Agency, (Paris, France, 2023) pp. 1–84 (2023).
    1. Khater EG, Ashour TH, Ali SA, Saad M, Todic J, Hollands J, Korjenic A. Development of a bio-solar house model for Egyptian conditions. Energies. 2020;13(817):1–27.
    1. Keera ST, El-Sabagh SM, Taman AR. Castor oil biodiesel production and optimization. Egypt. J. Pet. 2018;27(4):979–984. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpe.2018.02.007. - DOI

Publication types