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. 2023 Mar 16;21(1):15593258231163389.
doi: 10.1177/15593258231163389. eCollection 2023 Jan-Mar.

Evaluation of Phytochemical Contents, Antimicrobial, and antioxidant Potential of Haloxylon Griffithii Collected From Northern Region of Balochistan, Pakistan

Rizwan Asif  1 , Muhammad Ali  2 , Modasrah Mazhar  1 , Madiha Mustafa  1 , Riffat Yasmin  3
Affiliations

Evaluation of Phytochemical Contents, Antimicrobial, and antioxidant Potential of Haloxylon Griffithii Collected From Northern Region of Balochistan, Pakistan

Rizwan Asif et al. Dose Response. .

Abstract

Background: The therapeutic potential of Haloxylon griffithii found in northern region of Balochistan, so far has been neglected.

Purpose: The current study was aimed to assess the phytochemicals and pharmacological potential of fractions isolated from H griffithii.

Research design: During phytochemicals analysis of H griffithii using GC/MS showed various bioactive compounds like alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, saponins, and carboxylic acids. In vitro antioxidant activity of H griffithii was determined by 2, 2'- diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. Disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity.

Results: The quantitative analysis of ethyl acetate showed highest total flavonoid contents (1.19 ± .05) while ethanol with lowest value (.52 ± .01). The total phenolic contents in ethyle acetate was 1.50 ± .42, whereas ethanol showed lowest value (.77 ± .02). Ethanol exhibited excellent (88.68 ± 3.0) free radical scavenging potential measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl radical scavenging assay. For antimicrobial activity, different bacterial and fungal strains like B subtilis, S aureus, E coli, S typhi, C albicans, and A. niger were selected. The essential oil showed maximum % inhibition diameter (9 mm) against B. Subtillus and (5 mm) against C albicans, respectively. The ethyl acetate presented % inhibition diameter (9 mm) against S aureus and (6 mm) against A niger. Anti-urease activity also showed positive response.

Conclusions: The presence of high (%) bioactive compounds with great therapeutic potential suggest that H griffithii can be used as natural alternative of synthetic drugs without side effects.

Keywords: GC/MS; H griffithii; antimicrobial; antioxidant; phytochemical analysis.

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Conflict of interest statement

The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
GC-MS spectra for essential oil of H. griffithii.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Gas chromatography spectra for fixed oil of H. griffithii.
Figure 3.
Figure 3.
Antioxidant activity by DPPH assay of H. griffithii from extraction HGF (fixed oil), HG1 (extraction oil 1), HG2 (extraction oil 2), and HG4 (extraction oil 4). HGE (essential oil) and HG3 (extraction oil 3) did not shows any activity. Vitamin C used as standard.
Figure 4.
Figure 4.
Percentage of TFC (Total flavonoid content; blue dots) and TPC (Total phenolic content; dark red spot).
Figure 5.
Figure 5.
Antimicrobial activity of H. griffithii against microorganism. Inhibition was measured in diameter.
Figure 6.
Figure 6.
Minimum inhibitory concentration to check better response against bacteria or fungus.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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