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Review
. 2023 Mar 7:14:1148166.
doi: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1148166. eCollection 2023.

Choline supplements: An update

Urna Kansakar  1 , Valentina Trimarco  2 , Pasquale Mone  1   3 , Fahimeh Varzideh  1 , Angela Lombardi  4 , Gaetano Santulli  1   2   5
Affiliations
Review

Choline supplements: An update

Urna Kansakar et al. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). .

Abstract

In this comprehensive review, we examine the main preclinical and clinical investigations assessing the effects of different forms of choline supplementation currently available, including choline alfoscerate (C8H20NO6P), also known as alpha-glycerophosphocholine (α-GPC, or GPC), choline bitartrate, lecithin, and citicoline, which are cholinergic compounds and precursors of acetylcholine. Extensively used as food supplements, they have been shown to represent an effective strategy for boosting memory and enhancing cognitive function.

Keywords: GPC; choline; choline alfoscerate; choline bitartrate; choline supplementation; cognitive dysfunction; lecithin; supplements.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

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