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Review
. 2023 Dec 31;19(1):2172922.
doi: 10.1080/21645515.2023.2172922. Epub 2023 Mar 23.

Review of the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of invasive meningococcal disease in Vietnam

Phung Nguyen The Nguyen  1   2 , Nguyen Thanh Hung  2 , Gaurav Mathur  3 , Thatiana de Jesus Pereira Pinto  4 , Nguyen Hoan Le Minh  3
Affiliations
Review

Review of the epidemiology, diagnosis and management of invasive meningococcal disease in Vietnam

Phung Nguyen The Nguyen et al. Hum Vaccin Immunother. .

Abstract

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD), caused by Neisseria meningitidis, is life-threatening with a high case fatality rate (CFR) and severe sequelae. We compiled and critically discussed the evidence on IMD epidemiology, antibiotic resistance and disease management in Vietnam, focusing on children. PubMed, Embase and gray literature searches for English, Vietnamese and French publications, with no date restrictions, retrieved 11 eligible studies. IMD incidence rate (/100,000 population) was 7.4 [95% confidence interval 3.6-15.3] in children under 5 years of age; driven by high rates in infants (e.g. 29.1 [8.0-106.0] in 7-11 month-olds). Serogroup B IMD was predominant. Neisseria meningitidis strains may have developed resistance to streptomycin, sulfonamides, ciprofloxacin, and possibly ceftriaxone. There was a lack of current data on diagnosis and treatment of IMD, which remain challenging. Healthcare professionals should be trained to rapidly recognize and treat IMD. Preventive measures, such as routine vaccination, could help address the medical need.

Keywords: Meningococcal disease; Neisseria meningitidis; Vietnam; burden; epidemiology; pediatric; treatment; vaccination.

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Conflict of interest statement

Gaurav Mathur, Thatiana Pinto, and Minh Hoan Le Nguyen are employees of GSK, and declare no other financial and non-financial relationships or activities. Phung Nguyen The Nguyen and Nguyen Thanh Hung declare no financial and non-financial relationships or activities and no conflicts of interest.

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1.
Plain language summary.
Figure 2.
Figure 2.
Case report of a pediatric IMD patient.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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