Value of Handheld Optical Illuminated Magnifiers for Sustained Silent Reading by Visually Impaired Adults

Abstract

Significance: Vision rehabilitation providers tend to recommend handheld, illuminated optical magnifiers for short-duration spot reading tasks, but this study indicates that they are also a viable option to improve sustained, continuous text reading (e.g., books or magazines), especially for visually impaired adults who read slowly with only spectacle-based near correction.

Purpose: The utility of handheld optical magnifiers for sustained silent reading tasks involving normal-sized continuous text could be a valuable indication that is not recognized by vision rehabilitation providers and patients.

Methods: Handheld, illuminated optical magnifiers were dispensed to 29 visually impaired adults who completed the sustained silent reading test by phone at baseline without the new magnifier and 1 month after using the magnifier. Reading speed in words per minute (wpm) was calculated from the time to read each page and then averaged across up to 10 pages or determined for the fastest read page (maximum).

Results: From baseline without the magnifier to 1 month with the magnifier, there was a significant improvement in mean reading speed by 14 wpm (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6 to 24; P = .02) and for maximum reading speed by 18 wpm (95% CI, 5.4 to 30; P = .005) on average across participants. Participants who had slower baseline reading speeds without the magnifier demonstrated significantly greater improvements in mean and maximum reading speeds on average with the magnifier (95% CI, 8 to 32 [ P = .003]; 95% CI, 4 to 36 [ P = .02]). A significantly greater number of pages were read with the new magnifier than without it (Wilcoxon z = -2.5; P = .01). A significantly greater number of pages were read with the magnifier by participants who read fewer pages at baseline (95% CI, 0.57 to 5.6; P = .02) or had greater improvements in mean reading speed (95% CI, 0.57 to 5.6; P = .007).

Conclusions: Many visually impaired adults read more quickly and/or read a greater number of pages after using a new magnifier for a month than compared to without it. The largest gains occurred among those with more difficulty at baseline, indicating the potential to improve reading rates with magnifiers for those with greater deficits.

Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04066075.

Figure 1.

Box plots displaying the mean and maximum reading speeds without the new magnifier at baseline and with the new magnifier at 1-month, as words per minute (A) and log words per minute (B). In the box plots, the bottom and top of the box are the 25th and 75th percentile (i.e., the upper and lower quartiles, respectively), and the band near the middle of the box is the 50th percentile (i.e., the median). The individual dots represent data from each participant.

Figure 2.

Scatterplots of the change (with – without the new magnifier) in mean reading speed (filled circles) and maximum reading speed (open circles) in words per minute (wpm) (A) or log wpm (B) in relation to the baseline reading speed without the new magnifier. Each regression line is fit through all the corresponding data points, and each point represents one participant.

Figure 3.

Box plot displaying the number of pages read without the new magnifier at baseline and with the new magnifier at 1-month. In the box plot, the bottom and top of the box are the 25th and 75th percentile (i.e., the upper and lower quartiles, respectively), and the band near the middle of the box is the 50th percentile (i.e., the median). The individual dots represent data from each participant.

Figure 4.

Scatterplots of the change (with – without the new magnifier) in the number of pages read according to: (A) the number of pages read without the magnifier at baseline (filled circles), and (B) change (with – without the new magnifier) in mean reading speed in words per minute (wpm) (open circles). Each regression line is fit through all the corresponding data points, and each point represents one participant.