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Review
. 2023 Mar 10;91(2):123-134.
doi: 10.3390/arm91020011.

The Impact of Anxiety and Depression in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Mandeep Singh Rahi  1 , Bright Thilagar  2 , Swetha Balaji  3 , Sivaguha Yadunath Prabhakaran  4 , Mayuri Mudgal  5 , Suganiya Rajoo  6 , Prashanth Reddy Yella  7 , Palak Satija  7 , Alsu Zagorulko  8 , Kulothungan Gunasekaran  9
Affiliations
Review

The Impact of Anxiety and Depression in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

Mandeep Singh Rahi et al. Adv Respir Med. .

Abstract

Patients with COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) are at a higher risk of comorbid conditions such as anxiety and/or depression, which in turn increase their symptom burden and rehospitalizations compared to the general population. It is important to investigate the pathophysiology and clinical implications of mental health on patients with COPD. This review article finds that COPD patients with anxiety and/or depression have a higher rehospitalization incidence. It reviews the current screening and diagnosis methods available. There are pharmacological and non-pharmacologic interventions available for treatment of COPD patients with depression based on severity. COPD patients with mild depression benefit from pulmonary rehabilitation and cognitive behavioral therapy, whereas patients with severe or persistent depression can be treated with pharmacologic interventions.

Keywords: CBT; COPD; anxiety; chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; cognitive behavioral therapy; depression; mental health.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Clinical comorbidities coexisting with COPD [17,18]. Abbreviations: CKD, chronic kidney disease; CVD, cardiovascular disease; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DM, diabetes mellitus; GERD, gastroesophageal reflux disease; OSA, obstructive sleep apnea.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Proposed algorithm for assessing depression and anxiety in patients with COPD.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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