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. 2023 Mar 6;8(11):10086-10099.
doi: 10.1021/acsomega.2c07264. eCollection 2023 Mar 21.

Chitosan-Based Architectures as an Effective Approach for the Removal of Some Toxic Species from Aqueous Media

Manar El-Sayed Abdel-Raouf  1 , Reem Kamal Farag  1 , Ahmed A Farag  1 , Mohamed Keshawy  1 , Alaa Abdel-Aziz  1 , Abdulraheim Hasan  1
Affiliations

Chitosan-Based Architectures as an Effective Approach for the Removal of Some Toxic Species from Aqueous Media

Manar El-Sayed Abdel-Raouf et al. ACS Omega. .

Abstract

Modified uncrosslinked and crosslinked chitosan derivatives were investigated as green sorbents for the removal of copper (Cu2+) and lead (Pb2+) cations from simulated solutions. In this regard, N, O carboxymethyl chitosan (N, O CMC), chitosan beads (Cs-g-GA), chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde/methylene bisacrylamide (Cs/GA/MBA), and chitosan crosslinked with GA/epichlorohydrin (Cs/GA/ECH) were prepared and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy analyses. Atomic force microscopy investigation was carried out to compare the surface topography of the prepared samples before and after the metal uptake. The kinetics of the removal process were investigated by pseudo-first-order and -second-order models. Moreover, the adsorption isotherms were carefully studied by applying Langmuir and Freundlich models. The data reveal that upon adsorption of copper(II) metal ions, all chitosan-modified products followed the Langmuir isotherm except for Cs/GA/ECH which followed the Freundlich isotherms, and the highest adsorption capacity (q e) was obtained for Cs/GA/MBA due to the formation of stable chelate structures between the metal cation and the functional groups present on the modified chitosan product. The order of metal uptake at the optimum pH value is as follows: Cs/GA/MBA (Cu: 95.7 mg/g, Pb: 99.15 mg/g), Cs/GA/ECH (Cu: 80.4 mg/g, Pb: 93.14 mg/g), Cs-g-GA (Cu: 77 mg/g, Pb: 88.4 mg/g), and N, O CMCh (Cu: 30.2 mg/g, Pb: 44.8 mg/g). The AFM data confirmed the metal uptake process by comparing the roughness and height measurements of the free sorbents and the metal-loaded sorbents.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no competing financial interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chitosan-modified products: (a) N, O CMC, (b) wet uncrosslinked CH beads, and (c) wet crosslinked chitosan beads (Cs/GA/MBA).
Scheme 1
Scheme 1. Preparation of N, O CMC and Non-crosslinked Chitosan Beads (Cs-g-GA)
Scheme 2
Scheme 2. Preparation of (a) Cs/GA/MBA and (b) Cs/GA/ECH
Figure 2
Figure 2
IR spectra of Cs extracted from crab shells, N, O-CMCs, Cs-g-GA, Cs/GA/MBA, and Cs/GA/ECH.
Figure 3
Figure 3
SEM images of (a) N, O CMCs, (b) Cs-g-GA, and (c) Cs/GA/MBA.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Charts of (a) XRD patterns of crosslinked CH derivatives, (b) TGA thermograms of chitosan-based sorbents, and (c) DTG curves of chitosan-based sorbents.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Variation of adsorption capability vs time and the initial concentration of Cu2+ ions. pH = 7, sorbent dose = 0.05 gm, 25 °C. (b) Variation of adsorption capability vs time and initial concentration of Pb2+ ions. pH = 7, sorbent dose = 0.05 gm, 25 °C.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Effect of pH on adsorption of copper(II), (b) effect of pH on adsorption of lead(II), and (c) effect of temperature on removal capacity of chitosan-modified sorbents vs copper(II) and lead(II).
Figure 7
Figure 7
Reusability investigation for three metal uptake cycles.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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