Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in a Brazilian public hospital

Abstract

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a major health concern worldwide. In that context, the understanding of epidemiological and clinical features associated with the disease and its severity is crucial for the establishment of strategies aimed at disease control and remedy.

Aim: To describe epidemiological features, signs, symptoms, and laboratory findings among severely ill COVID-19 patients from an intensive care unit in northeastern Brazil as well as to evaluate predictor factors for disease outcomes.

Methods: This is a prospective single-center study that evaluated 115 patients admitted to the intensive care unit in a northeastern Brazilian hospital.

Results: The patients had a median age of 65.60 ± 15.78 years. Dyspnea was the most frequent symptom, affecting 73.9% of the patients, followed by cough (54.7%). Fever was reported in approximately one-third of patients and myalgia in 20.8% of the patients. At least two comorbidities were found in 41.7% of the patients, and hypertension was the most prevalent (57.3%). In addition, having two or more comorbidities was a predictor of mortality, and lower platelet count was positively associated with death. Nausea and vomiting were two symptoms that were predictors of death, and the presence of a cough was a protective factor.

Conclusion: This is the first report of a negative correlation between cough and death in severely ill severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-infected individuals. The associations between comorbidities, advanced age, and low platelet count and the outcomes of the infection were similar to the results of previous studies, highlighting the relevance of these features.

Keywords: COVID-19; Comorbidities; Epidemiology; Laboratory parameters; Symptoms.

Figure 1

Map of the study region with the number of patients (n) from each mesoregion.