Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2023 Feb 22;15(2):e35330.
doi: 10.7759/cureus.35330. eCollection 2023 Feb.

Coverage of a Population-Based Non-Communicable Disease Screening Program Using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling in Rural North India: A Mixed Methods Study

Vignesh Lognathan  1 , Sumit Malhotra  1 , Rakesh Kumar  1 , Anand Krishnan  1 , Sanjeev K Gupta  1 , Baridalyne Nongkynrih  1
Affiliations

Coverage of a Population-Based Non-Communicable Disease Screening Program Using Lot Quality Assurance Sampling in Rural North India: A Mixed Methods Study

Vignesh Lognathan et al. Cureus. .

Abstract

Aim: We aimed to estimate the coverage of a population-based Non-communicable Disease (NCD) screening program using lot quality assurance sampling (LQAS) and identify factors affecting its implementation in district Nuh of Haryana, India.

Method: A mixed-methods study was conducted with an initial LQAS coverage survey, followed by in-depth interviews. Thirty lots (villages or towns) were sampled in the district, and 20 people aged ≥ 30 years were randomly sampled from each lot. Participants were asked about receiving services under the program. Weighted coverage estimates, which is the proportion of people who had received screening services, were estimated. Using a decision value of more than nine negative responses out of 20 persons, all 30 lots were classified as good or poor performing. In-depth interviews of healthcare providers of good performing lots and district-level health officials were conducted, and factors affecting program implementation were identified.

Findings: Six hundred participants were interviewed (mean age of 44.8 years, 57.2% women). The proportion of people who reported having undergone screening for diabetes or hypertension was 2.1%, and all lots performed poorly based on decision value. Key factors affecting the program were leadership, prioritization of NCD activities, ensuring human resource and material requirements, regular incentives, qualities of workers, and community engagement.

Conclusion: The screening coverage under the population-based NCD screening program was low in district Nuh, Haryana. This needs to be improved by addressing the identified health system and community-related factors.

Keywords: lqas; monitoring and evaluation; non-communicable diseases; rapid epidemiological assessment methods; screening.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

The authors have declared financial relationships, which are detailed in the next section.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Framework showing the factors which facilitate and limit the implementation of the population-based screening program
HWCs: Health & Wellness Centers, MO: Medical Officer, PBS: Population-Based Screening, NCD: Non-Communicable Diseases, CBAC: Community-Based Assessment Checklist, ASHA: Accredited Social Health Activist, CHO: Community Health Officer, RCH: Reproductive and Child Health, PHC: Primary Health Centre, ANM: Auxiliary Nurse and Midwife
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

    1. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; 2016. Operational Guidelines for Prevention, Screening and Control of Common Non-Communicable Diseases: Hypertension, Diabetes and Common Cancers.
    1. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; 2021. Annual Report 2019-20.
    1. Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India. New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Family Welfare; 2020. Towards Universal Health Coverage: Ayushman Bharat Health and Wellness Centres. A Compendium of Health & Wellness Centres Operationalization.
    1. NITI Aayog, Government of India. New Delhi: NITI Aayog; 2020. Aspirational Districts Baseline Ranking Map.
    1. Office of the Registrar General of India: Provisional population totals: Haryana, census. [ Aug; 2018 ]. 2018. http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_haryana.html http://censusindia.gov.in/2011-prov-results/prov_data_products_haryana.html

LinkOut - more resources