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. 2023 Jun 1;33(3):418-423.
doi: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad041.

Externally oriented thinking style increases primary health care use in adolescence

Virve Kekkonen  1   2 , Siiri-Liisi Kraav  2   3 , Jukka Hintikka  4   5 , Petri Kivimäki  1   6 , Outi Kaarre  2   7 , Tommi Tolmunen  1   2
Affiliations

Externally oriented thinking style increases primary health care use in adolescence

Virve Kekkonen et al. Eur J Public Health. .

Abstract

Background: Alexithymia has been related to adult health care use. We investigated the association between alexithymia and the utilization of primary health care services by adolescents and young adults.

Methods: The participants (n = 751, aged 13-18 years) in this 5-year follow-up study were assessed with the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) and its three subscales, difficulty identifying feelings (DIF), difficulty describing feelings (DDF) and externally oriented thinking (EOT), and the 21-item Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). Primary health care data were gathered from health care centre registers in 2005-10. Generalized linear models and mediation analyses were used.

Results: An increase in the TAS-20 total score correlated with a higher number of primary health care and emergency care visits, but in multivariate general linear models, TAS-20 total scores were no longer significant. Younger age, female gender and an increase in the baseline EOT score are associated with a higher number of both primary health care and emergency room visits. In females, a smaller change in the EOT score from baseline to follow-up was associated with a higher number of primary health care visits. In mediation analyses, EOT had a direct effect on a higher number of primary health care and emergency room visits, whereas the BDI score mediated the incremental effect of DIF and DDF on visit numbers.

Conclusions: The results suggest that an EOT style independently increases health care use by adolescents, whereas the effects of difficulties identifying and describing feelings on health care use are mediated by symptoms of depression.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Indirect effects of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) subscales difficulty identifying feelings (TAS DIF), difficulty describing feelings (TAS DDF) and externally oriented thinking (TAS EOT) on health service use, mediated by depressive symptoms. All the subscales were inserted into the simple mediation model one at a time
Figure 2
Figure 2
Indirect effects of the 20-item Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20) subscales difficulty identifying feelings (TAS DIF), difficulty describing feelings (TAS DDF) and externally oriented thinking (TAS EOT) on emergency room visits, mediated by depressive symptoms. All the subscales were inserted into the simple mediation model one at a time
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