Next-Generation Sequencing and Image-Guided Tissue Sampling: A Primer for Interventional Radiologists

Abstract

The discovery of increasing numbers of actionable molecular and gene targets for cancer treatment has driven the demand for tissue sampling for next-generation sequencing (NGS). Requirements for sequencing can be very specific, and inadequate sampling leads to delays in management and decision making. It is important that interventional radiologists are aware of NGS technologies and their common applications and be cognizant of the factors that contribute to successful sample sequencing. This review summarizes the fundamentals of cancer tissue collection and processing for NGS. It elaborates on sequencing technologies and their applications with the aim of providing readers with a working understanding that can enhance their clinical practice. It then describes imaging, tumor, biopsy, and sample collection factors that improve the chances of NGS success. Finally, it discusses future practice, highlighting the problem of undersampling in both clinical and research settings and the opportunities within interventional radiology to address this.