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Review
. 2023 Mar 28;10(1):16.
doi: 10.1186/s40779-023-00448-w.

Biomimetic natural biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: new biosynthesis methods, recent advances, and emerging applications

Shuai Liu  1 , Jiang-Ming Yu  2 , Yan-Chang Gan  1 , Xiao-Zhong Qiu  1 , Zhe-Chen Gao  2 , Huan Wang  3 , Shi-Xuan Chen  4 , Yuan Xiong  5 , Guo-Hui Liu  5 , Si-En Lin  6 , Alec McCarthy  7 , Johnson V John  8 , Dai-Xu Wei  9   10   11 , Hong-Hao Hou  12
Affiliations
Review

Biomimetic natural biomaterials for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: new biosynthesis methods, recent advances, and emerging applications

Shuai Liu et al. Mil Med Res. .

Abstract

Biomimetic materials have emerged as attractive and competitive alternatives for tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine. In contrast to conventional biomaterials or synthetic materials, biomimetic scaffolds based on natural biomaterial can offer cells a broad spectrum of biochemical and biophysical cues that mimic the in vivo extracellular matrix (ECM). Additionally, such materials have mechanical adaptability, microstructure interconnectivity, and inherent bioactivity, making them ideal for the design of living implants for specific applications in TE and regenerative medicine. This paper provides an overview for recent progress of biomimetic natural biomaterials (BNBMs), including advances in their preparation, functionality, potential applications and future challenges. We highlight recent advances in the fabrication of BNBMs and outline general strategies for functionalizing and tailoring the BNBMs with various biological and physicochemical characteristics of native ECM. Moreover, we offer an overview of recent key advances in the functionalization and applications of versatile BNBMs for TE applications. Finally, we conclude by offering our perspective on open challenges and future developments in this rapidly-evolving field.

Keywords: Biomimic; Biosynthesis; Natural biomaterial; Scaffold; Tissue engineering.

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Conflict of interest statement

The funder had no role in study design, data collection, and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript. The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Correlation diagram of multiple strategies and purposes of natural biomaterials for tissue engineering (TE) and regenerative medicine based on novel techniques and tools in recent years. Typical natural biomaterials include biopolyesters of polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and their derivatives (e.g., PLGA, PHA-PLA); polysaccharides of hyaluronic acid (HA), alginate, cellulose and chitosan, proteins and poly (amino acid)s of collagen, gelatin, fibroin, γ-poly-glutamic acid (γ-PGA) and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), respectively. Novel techniques and tools contain novel chassis strains/cells for biosynthesis, synthetic biology tools, metabolic engineering, artificial intelligence and machine learning, respectively. The strategies for optimized natural biomaterials are higher production and lower costs, regulation of material properties, better biosafety, design of unknown biomaterials, and optimized manufacturing of biomaterial devices, respectively. PLGA poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid), PHA-PLA polyhydroxyalkanoate-polylactic acid
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Schematically showing the rational design and preparation of biomimetic natural biomaterials (BNBMs) enabling with featured properties mimicking the tissue extracellular matrix (ECM)
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Typical topologies and fabrication strategies of the structural biomaterials
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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