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. 2023 Mar 3;13(3):474.
doi: 10.3390/biom13030474.

Solid-State Preparation and Characterization of 2-Hydroxypropylcyclodextrins-Iodine Complexes as Stable Iodophors

Sandro Dattilo  1 , Fabiola Spitaleri  2 , Danilo Aleo  2 , Maria Grazia Saita  2 , Angela Patti  3
Affiliations

Solid-State Preparation and Characterization of 2-Hydroxypropylcyclodextrins-Iodine Complexes as Stable Iodophors

Sandro Dattilo et al. Biomolecules. .

Abstract

The use of iodine as antiseptic poses some issues related to its low water solubility and high volatility. Stable solid iodine-containing formulations are highly advisable and currently limited to the povidone-iodine complex. In this study, complexes of molecular iodine with 2-hydroxypropyl α-, β- and γ-cyclodextrins were considered water-soluble iodophors and prepared in a solid state by using three different methods (liquid-assisted grinding, co-evaporation and sealed heating). The obtained solids were evaluated for their iodine content and stability over time in different conditions using a fully validated UV method. The assessment of the actual formation of an inclusion complex in a solid state was carried out by thermal analysis, and the presence of iodine was further confirmed by SEM/EDX and XPS analyses. High levels of iodine content (8.3-10.8%) were obtained with all the tested cyclodextrins, and some influence was exerted by the employed preparation method. Potential use as solid iodophors can be envisaged for these iodine complexes, among which those with 2-hydroxypropyl-α-cyclodextrin were found the most stable, regardless of the preparation technique. The three prepared cyclodextrin-iodine complexes proved effective as bactericides against S. epidermidis.

Keywords: UV validated method; cyclodextrins; iodine; solid iodophors.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Figures

Scheme 1
Scheme 1
Schematic representation of the investigated cyclodextrin/iodine complexes.
Figure 1
Figure 1
Thermogravimetric (TG) curves of iodine and HP-β-CD as pure components, their 1:1 physical mixture (PM), and 1:1 complex prepared by SH method.
Figure 2
Figure 2
TG (solid lines) and first derivative (dotted lines) curves of HP-β-CD/I2 complexes prepared by SH method in 1:1, 2:1 and 4:1 HP-β-CD:I2 molar ratios.
Figure 3
Figure 3
TG (solid lines) and first derivative (dotted lines) curves of iodine/HP-β-CD complexes prepared by LAG, COE and SH methods.
Figure 4
Figure 4
SEM images (2000×) of pure HP-α-CD (A), HP-β-CD (B) and HP-γ-CD (C) and the corresponding HP-α-CD/I2 (D), HP-β-CD/I2 (E) and HP-γ-CD/I2 (F) prepared by SH method.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Iodine region of XPS spectra for HP-β-CD/I2 and HP-β-CD solids.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Variation of the iodine content with time in the accelerated stability testing of (A) HP-α-CD/I2, (B) HP-β-CD/I2 and (C) HP-γ-CD/I2 complexes prepared by LAG, COE or SH method.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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