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. 2023 Mar 2;25(3):443.
doi: 10.3390/e25030443.

Decision Fault Tree Learning and Differential Lyapunov Optimal Control for Path Tracking

S Subash Chandra Bose  1 , Badria Sulaiman Alfurhood  2 , Gururaj H L  3 , Francesco Flammini  4 , Rajesh Natarajan  5 , Sheela Shankarappa Jaya  6
Affiliations

Decision Fault Tree Learning and Differential Lyapunov Optimal Control for Path Tracking

S Subash Chandra Bose et al. Entropy (Basel). .

Abstract

This paper considers the main challenges for all components engaged in the driving task suggested by the automation of road vehicles or autonomous cars. Numerous autonomous vehicle developers often invest an important amount of time and effort in fine-tuning and measuring the route tracking to obtain reliable tracking performance over a wide range of autonomous vehicle speed and road curvature diversities. However, a number of automated vehicles were not considered for fault-tolerant trajectory tracking methods. Motivated by this, the current research study of the Differential Lyapunov Stochastic and Decision Defect Tree Learning (DLS-DFTL) method is proposed to handle fault detection and course tracking for autonomous vehicle problems. Initially, Differential Lyapunov Stochastic Optimal Control (SOC) with customizable Z-matrices is to precisely design the path tracking for a particular target vehicle while successfully managing the noise and fault issues that arise from the localization and path planning. With the autonomous vehicle's low ceilings, a recommendation trajectory generation model is created to support such a safety justification. Then, to detect an unexpected deviation caused by a fault, a fault detection technique known as Decision Fault Tree Learning (DFTL) is built. The DLS-DFTL method can be used to find and locate problems in expansive, intricate communication networks. We conducted various tests and showed the applicability of DFTL. By offering some analysis of the experimental outcomes, the suggested method produces significant accuracy. In addition to a thorough study that compares the results to state-of-the-art techniques, simulation was also used to quantify the rate and time of defect detection. The experimental result shows that the proposed DLS-DFTL enhances the fault detection rate (38%), reduces the loss rate (14%), and has a faster fault detection time (24%) than the state of art methods.

Keywords: autonomous vehicles; decision trees; differential Lyapunov; fault detection; machine learning; optimal control; path tracking.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Diagram of the DLS-DFTL approach (Differential Lyapunov Stochastic and Decision Fault Tree Learning).
Figure 2
Figure 2
Differential Lyapunov SOC schematic with customizable Z-matrices.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Representational view of DFTL model.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Visualization of the fault detection rate.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Visualization of the fault detection time.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Loss rate in graphical representation rorm.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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