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Review
. 2023 Feb 25;13(3):644.
doi: 10.3390/life13030644.

Microvascular and Endothelial Dysfunction in Prediabetes

Stamatina Lamprou  1 , Nikolaos Koletsos  1 , Gesthimani Mintziori  2 , Panagiota Anyfanti  3 , Christina Trakatelli  1 , Vasileios Kotsis  1 , Eugenia Gkaliagkousi  1 , Areti Triantafyllou  1
Affiliations
Review

Microvascular and Endothelial Dysfunction in Prediabetes

Stamatina Lamprou et al. Life (Basel). .

Abstract

Prediabetes is a significant metabolic status since there is high potential for future progression of diabetes mellitus (DM). People with prediabetes are at increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Endothelial and microvascular dysfunction is considered a key step towards the development and progression of CVD. Importantly, endothelial and microvascular dysfunction can be detected and monitored using non-invasive procedures in peripheral organs and tissues, including the retina, kidney, skin and skeletal muscle. Structural and functional alterations of the microvasculature have been consistently documented in the above microvascular beds in patients with diabetes mellitus. In contrast, such alterations remain understudied in prediabetes, but are currently receiving attention as markers of subclinical and future CVD. The aim of this review is to summarize available evidence regarding the presence of subclinical microvascular and endothelial dysfunction in prediabetes and their impact on cardiovascular risk.

Keywords: cardiovascular disease; endothelial dysfunction; microalbuminuria; prediabetes; retinopathy; skin microcirculation.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Indices of microvascular assessment. (A) Non-mydriatic digital fundus photography and imaging of retinal vessels. (B) Nailfold video capillaroscopy (NVC), examination and a representative image obtained during NVC. (C) Recording of skin microvascular reactivity during arterial occlusion and re-perfusion using Laser Speckle Contrast Analysis. (D) Near infrared spectroscopy—representative data of skeletal muscle oxygenation during arterial occlusion and after re-perfusion. HHb: Deoxygenated haemoglobin, tHb: Total haemoglobin, O2Hb: Oxygenated haemoglobin.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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