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. 2023 Feb 27;13(3):348.
doi: 10.3390/metabo13030348.

Metabolic Profile of Whole Unstimulated Saliva in Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome

Giacomo Setti  1 , Valeria Righi  2 , Adele Mucci  3 , Lucia Panari  1 , Giuditta Bernardelli  4 , Elisabetta Tarentini  5 , Anna Gambini  5 , Ugo Consolo  1 , Luigi Generali  1 , Cristina Magnoni  5 , Marco Meleti  6 , Gilda Sandri  7 , Pierantonio Bellini  1
Affiliations

Metabolic Profile of Whole Unstimulated Saliva in Patients with Sjögren's Syndrome

Giacomo Setti et al. Metabolites. .

Abstract

Primary Sjögren's Syndrome (pSS) is a multi-system autoimmune disease that involves the exocrine glands. Lymphocytes infiltrate the gland tissue, leading to anatomical modification and hypofunction. Even if the prognosis of pSS is favorable, quality of life is typically reduced due to the diverse manifestations of the disease. The aim of this study is to compare the salivary metabolomes of pSS with healthy controls (HCs). Seven cases were selected from a cohort of pSS patients, and six age- and sex-matched HCs were recruited from a cohort of volunteers. Whole unstimulated saliva was collected for NMR analysis. Our metabolomic analysis focused on 360 ms total echo 1D 1H NMR CPMG spectra. Metabolites detected with CPMG NMR spectra were assigned through 2D NMR spectra (COSY, TOCSY, and HSQC). About 50 metabolites were detected and assigned. Unsupervised exploratory PCA returned partial clustering, and PLS-DA improved the separation between pSS and HCs, highlighting a pool of metabolites distinctly describing each group. Despite the limited number of samples, the presented preliminary data are promising. PLS-DA indicated well-defined group separation, suggesting that the application of 1H-NMR metabolomics is suitable for the study of pSS.

Keywords: Sjögren’s Syndrome; metabolomics; nuclear magnetic resonance; saliva.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Five enlarged regions of the mean pSS (continuous red line) and mean HC (continuous blue line). 1H CPMG NMR spectra (±standard deviations, dotted lined; red and blue for pSS and HCs, respectively). M indicates macromolecules.
Figure 2
Figure 2
PC2/PC3 score plot (a) and loading profiles (b,c) obtained by PCA on spectra.
Figure 3
Figure 3
LV1/LV2 score plot (a) and loading profiles (b,c) obtained by PLS-DA on spectra.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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