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. 2023 Mar 6;14(3):610.
doi: 10.3390/mi14030610.

Design and Modelling of Graphene-Based Flexible 5G Antenna for Next-Generation Wearable Head Imaging Systems

Asad Riaz  1 , Sagheer Khan  1 , Tughrul Arslan  1
Affiliations

Design and Modelling of Graphene-Based Flexible 5G Antenna for Next-Generation Wearable Head Imaging Systems

Asad Riaz et al. Micromachines (Basel). .

Abstract

Arguably, 5G and next-generation technology with its key features (specifically, supporting high data rates and high mobility platforms) make it valuable for coping with the emerging needs of medical healthcare. A 5G-enabled portable device receives the sensitive detection signals from the head imaging system and transmits them over the 5G network for real-time monitoring, analysis, and storage purposes. In terms of material, graphene-based flexible electronics have become very popular for wearable and healthcare devices due to their exceptional mechanical strength, thermal stability, high electrical conductivity, and biocompatibility. A graphene-based flexible antenna for data communication from wearable head imaging devices over a 5G network was designed and modelled. The antenna operated at the 34.5 GHz range and was designed using an 18 µm thin graphene film for the conductive radiative patch and ground with electric conductivity of 3.5 × 105 S/m. The radiative patch was designed in a fractal fashion to provide sufficient antenna flexibility for wearable uses. The patch was designed over a 1.5 mm thick flexible polyamide substrate that made the design suitable for wearable applications. This paper presented the 3D modelling and analysis of the 5G flexible antenna for communication in a digital care-home model. The analyses were carried out based on the antenna's reflection coefficient, gain, radiation pattern, and power balance. The time-domain signal analysis was carried out between the two antennas to mimic real-time communication in wearable devices.

Keywords: core networks (CNs); fifth generation (5G); long-term-evolution (LTE); next generation mobile network (NGMN).

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Front view of the proposed antenna with Antenna Patch (b) Antenna Substrate.
Figure 1
Figure 1
(a) Front view of the proposed antenna with Antenna Patch (b) Antenna Substrate.
Figure 2
Figure 2
S-parameter, S11, of 5G Flexible antenna in free space.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Antenna’s VSWR versus frequency response.
Figure 4
Figure 4
2D plots representing (a) gain of the antenna (b) directivity of the antenna.
Figure 5
Figure 5
(a) Time domain analysis of front-to-front antennas in free space. (b) S11 graph of the time domain antenna communication in free space.
Figure 6
Figure 6
(a) Plot of power accepted by the antennas in the front-to-front communication in free space (b) The graph showing the amount of radiated power towards the receiving antenna.
Figure 7
Figure 7
Digital model of the home care with the human model (a) Human model (patient) with the antenna mounted in the wearable head device (b) Human model (doctor) at the receiving end.
Figure 8
Figure 8
VHCM Dimensions.
Figure 9
Figure 9
Antennas simulation in the front-to-front line-of-sight (LOS) communication in digital home care model (a) S11 versus frequency plot of the Los communication between the antennas (b) Power accepted by the receiving antenna.
Figure 10
Figure 10
Comparative analysis of the S11 versus frequency plots (a) S11 versus frequency plot antennas simulation in the front-to-front no-line-of-sight (NLoS) communication in digital home care model (b) S11 versus frequency plot of the LoS communication between the antennas.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

References

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