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. 2023 Mar 6;11(3):673.
doi: 10.3390/microorganisms11030673.

Dietary Live Yeast Supplementation Influence on Cow's Milk, Teat and Bedding Microbiota in a Grass-Diet Dairy System

Isabelle Verdier-Metz  1 , Céline Delbès  1 , Matthieu Bouchon  2 , Etienne Rifa  1 , Sébastien Theil  1 , Frédérique Chaucheyras-Durand  3   4 , Eric Chevaux  3 , Lysiane Dunière  3   4 , Christophe Chassard  1
Affiliations

Dietary Live Yeast Supplementation Influence on Cow's Milk, Teat and Bedding Microbiota in a Grass-Diet Dairy System

Isabelle Verdier-Metz et al. Microorganisms. .

Abstract

The supplementation of animal feed with microbial additives remains questioning for the traditional or quality label raw milk cheeses with regard to microbial transfer to milk. We evaluated the effect of dietary administration of live yeast on performance and microbiota of raw milk, teat skin, and bedding material of dairy cows. Two balanced groups of cows (21 primiparous 114 ± 24 DIM, 18 multiparous 115 ± 33 DIM) received either a concentrate supplemented with Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077 (1 × 1010 CFU/d) during four months (LY group) or no live yeast (C group). The microbiota in individual milk samples, teat skins, and bedding material were analysed using culture dependent techniques and high-throughput amplicon sequencing. The live yeast supplementation showed a numerical increase on body weight over the experiment and there was a tendency for higher milk yield for LY group. A sequence with 100% identity to that of the live yeast was sporadically found in fungal amplicon datasets of teat skin and bedding material but never detected in milk samples. The bedding material and teat skin from LY group presented a higher abundance of Pichia kudriavzevii reaching 53% (p < 0.05) and 10% (p < 0.05) respectively. A significant proportion of bacterial and fungal ASVs shared between the teat skin and the milk of the corresponding individual was highlighted.

Keywords: bedding material microbiota; dairy cow performance; live yeast; milk microbiota; teat skin microbiota.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Mean of (a) feed conversion ration (FCR); (b) milk yield; (c) energy corrected milk (ECM) in Control (C) and Live Yeast (LY) groups over the 18 weeks of experiment.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Microbial counts in individual milk samples according to the group and the period: (a) Mean population counts (log10 CFU/mL) of the main microbial groups; (b) Population counts (log10 CFU/mL) of yeast in individual milk samples as determined on OGA medium.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Relative abundance of the ASV with 100% of identity with Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077: (a) in P2 and P3 for bedding material; (b) in individual teat suspensions in Control (orange) and LY (blue) groups.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Fungal diversity according to the group (C = control or LY = live yeast supplementation) and the period (P1 = before yeast supplementation; P2 = after three months of yeast supplementation; P3 = after four months of yeast supplementation): (a) Alpha-diversity indexes calculated from the fungal profiles in the raw milk and the teat suspensions; (b) Beta diversity in teat suspensions estimated by using Bray Curtis dissimilarity method and non-metric multidimensional scale (NMDS) for which all p-values of all pairwises were less than 0.05; (c) Relative abundance of the fungal genera in the bedding material.
Figure 5
Figure 5
Number of: (a) fungal ASVs and (b) bacterial ASVs shared between milk, bedding material, and teat suspensions according to the group (C = control vs. LY = live yeast). *: percentage of milk ASVs shared with teat or bedding material. #: sequence of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CNCM I-1077.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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