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. 2023 Mar 7;28(6):2431.
doi: 10.3390/molecules28062431.

A Lifetime of a Dispenser-Release Rates of Olive Fruit Fly-Associated Yeast Volatile Compounds and Their Influence on Olive Fruit Fly (Bactrocera oleae Rossi) Attraction

Maja Veršić Bratinčević  1 , Ana Bego  1 , Ivana Nižetić Kosović  2 , Maja Jukić Špika  1   3 , Filipa Burul  1 , Marijana Popović  1 , Tonka Ninčević Runjić  4 , Elda Vitanović  1
Affiliations

A Lifetime of a Dispenser-Release Rates of Olive Fruit Fly-Associated Yeast Volatile Compounds and Their Influence on Olive Fruit Fly (Bactrocera oleae Rossi) Attraction

Maja Veršić Bratinčević et al. Molecules. .

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the release rate, duration, and biological efficiency of yeast volatile compounds associated with olive fruit flies in slow-release dispensers, polypropylene vials, and rubber septa attached to yellow sticky traps under different environmental conditions in order to protect the environment, humans, and nontarget organisms. Isoamyl alcohol, 2-octanone, and 2-phenethyl acetate were placed in dispensers and tested over a four-week experiment. The weight loss of the volatile compounds in both dispensers was measured, and a rapid, inexpensive, and simple HS-GC/FID method was developed to determine the residual amount of volatiles in the septa. 2-Phenethyl acetate stood out in the rubber septa and showed a statistically significant difference in the release ratio compared to the other volatiles under all conditions tested. Our results showed that the attraction of olive fruit flies increased with decreasing concentrations of the tested volatiles. Regarding the number of flies attracted by rubber septa containing 2-phenethyl acetate, significantly better results were obtained than for septa containing isoamyl alcohol and 2-octanone, in contrast to the attraction of olive fruit flies to polypropylene vials containing these compounds but without significant difference. Since the presence of all tested chemicals was detected during the experiment, this opens the possibility of using more environmentally friendly and cost-effective dispensers with a significantly lower amount of semiochemicals.

Keywords: HS-GC/FID; olive; olive fruit fly; semiochemicals; slow-release dispensers; volatile release rate; yeast.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Flowchart of the study.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Daily release of the individual OFF-associated yeast volatile compounds: (a) isoamyl alcohol, (b) 2-octanone, and (c) 2-phenethyl acetate analyzed under controlled and field conditions using HS-GC/FID.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Daily release of volatile compounds under the following conditions: (a) room conditions (3 OFF-associated yeast volatile compounds); (b) environmental chamber conditions (3 OFF-associated yeast volatile compounds); (c) field conditions (3 OFF-associated yeast volatile compounds and n-hexane), analyzed by HS-GC/FID.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The figure shows the attraction of OFFs towards the tested olive fruit fly-associated yeast compounds (isoamyl alcohol, 2-octanone, and 2-phenethyl acetate) in rubber septa over a 4 week experiment. The total number of OFFs is represented by the total height of the bars. The transparent parts of the bars represent the control effect (number of OFFs attracted to n-hexane). The fitted values are represented as colored bars. The cumulative sums of the fitted values are shown as lines.
Figure 5
Figure 5
The figure shows the attraction of OFFs to the tested olive fruit fly-associated yeast compounds (isoamyl alcohol, 2-octanone, and 2-phenethyl acetate) in polypropylene vials over a 4 week experiment. The total number of OFFs is represented by the total height of the bars. The transparent parts of the bars represent the control effect (number of OFFs attracted to n-hexane). The fitted values are represented as colored bars. The cumulative sums of the fitted values are shown as lines.
Figure 6
Figure 6
Total number of male and female olive fruit flies attracted to the tested volatile compounds (3 OFF-associated yeast compounds and control) attached to YST in PPV and RS.
Figure 7
Figure 7
The attraction of OFFs to 2-phenethyl acetate in rubber septa under various climatic conditions (temperature, humidity, wind speed, precipitation, air pressure, and cloud cover), measured hourly, aggregated to daily values, and summed to normalized values.
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References

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