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Review
. 2023 Mar 16;15(6):1484.
doi: 10.3390/polym15061484.

A Review on Fresh, Hardened, and Microstructural Properties of Fibre-Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete

Prabu Baskar  1 , Shalini Annadurai  1 , Kaviya Sekar  1 , Mayakrishnan Prabakaran  2
Affiliations
Review

A Review on Fresh, Hardened, and Microstructural Properties of Fibre-Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete

Prabu Baskar et al. Polymers (Basel). .

Abstract

Alternative eco-friendly and sustainable construction methods are being developed to address growing infrastructure demands, which is a promising field of study. The development of substitute concrete binders is required to alleviate the environmental consequences of Portland cement. Geopolymers are very promising low-carbon, cement-free composite materials with superior mechanical and serviceability properties, compared to Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) based construction materials. These quasi-brittle inorganic composites, which employ an "alkali activating solution" as a binder agent and industrial waste with greater alumina and silica content as its base material, can have their ductility enhanced by utilising the proper reinforcing elements, ideally "fibres". By analysing prior investigations, this paper explains and shows that Fibre Reinforced Geopolymer Concrete (FRGPC) possesses excellent thermal stability, low weight, and decreased shrinking properties. Thus, it is strongly predicted that fibre-reinforced geopolymers will innovate quickly. This research also discusses the history of FRGPC and its fresh and hardened properties. Lightweight Geopolymer Concrete (GPC) absorption of moisture content and thermomechanical properties formed from Fly ash (FA), Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH), and Sodium Silicate (Na2SiO3) solutions, as well as fibres, are evaluated experimentally and discussed. Additionally, extending fibre measures become advantageous by enhancing the instance's long-term shrinking performance. Compared to non-fibrous composites, adding more fibre to the composite often strengthens its mechanical properties. The outcome of this review study demonstrates the mechanical features of FRGPC, including density, compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength, as well as its microstructural properties.

Keywords: FRGPC; alkali-activating solution; fibres; mechanical characteristics; microstructural properties.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Chemical Reaction of Geopolymerisation [43].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Stages of geopolymer formation [37]. (Reprinted with permission from the publisher Elsevier; License No. 5471710688327).
Figure 3
Figure 3
Matrix Interaction [85]. (Reprinted with permission from the publisher, Elsevier; License No. 547170968094).
Figure 4
Figure 4
Mixing Stages of Geopolymer Concrete [98]. (Reprinted with permission from the publisher, Elsevier; License No. 547171104179).
Figure 5
Figure 5
Compressive Strength [18,102,113].
Figure 6
Figure 6
Splitting Tensile Strengths [89,92,105].
Figure 7
Figure 7
Flexural Strength [10,89,115].
Figure 8
Figure 8
Modulus of Elasticity in MPa [92].
Figure 9
Figure 9
Slump Result [84,107].
Figure 10
Figure 10
Vee Bee Results [92,112].
Figure 11
Figure 11
Relative flowability [76].
Figure 12
Figure 12
Relative flowability [85].
Figure 13
Figure 13
Shrinkage in micro strains [10].
Figure 14
Figure 14
Moisture Content [10].
Figure 15
Figure 15
SEM of FLGC NaOH Contents, i.e., 5%, 10%, and 15% [91]. (Reprinted with permission from the publisher, Elsevier; License No. 547171129494).
Figure 16
Figure 16
SEM images of (a) Fly ash, (b) slag, (c) USF, and (d) DSF [106]. (Reprinted with permission from the publisher, Elsevier; License No. 5471711440902).
Figure 17
Figure 17
SEM analysis of 28-day geopolymer mortar [106]. (Reprinted with permission from the publisher, Elsevier; License No. 5471711440902).
Figure 18
Figure 18
SEM images of 10% slag replacement of geopolymer mortar: (a) control sample; (b) 10% DSF; (c) 10% USF [106]. (Reprinted with permission from the publisher, Elsevier; License No. 5471711440902).
Figure 19
Figure 19
SEM micrographs showing PVA FRGP and PVA fibres [113]. (Reprinted with permission from the publisher, Elsevier; License No. 5471720272346).
Figure 20
Figure 20
SEM micrographs showing the microstructure of basalt FRGP [113]. (Reprinted with permission from the publisher, Elsevier; License No. 5471720272346).
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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