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Review
. 2023 Feb 24;11(3):539.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines11030539.

Extracellular Vesicle-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Yasunari Matsuzaka  1   2 , Ryu Yashiro  2   3
Affiliations
Review

Extracellular Vesicle-Based SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Yasunari Matsuzaka et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

Messenger ribonucleic acid (RNA) vaccines are mainly used as SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. Despite several issues concerning storage, stability, effective period, and side effects, viral vector vaccines are widely used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases. Recently, viral vector-encapsulated extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been suggested as useful tools, owing to their safety and ability to escape from neutral antibodies. Herein, we summarize the possible cellular mechanisms underlying EV-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccines.

Keywords: SARS-CoV-2; drug delivery; exosomes; extracellular vesicles; lipid nanoparticle; viral vector.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Classification of coronavirus family.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Molecular interaction of SARS-CoV-2 with host cell via S protein and ACE2 receptor. The S protein produces two subunits, the S1 and S2 subunits, with cleavage by TMPRSS2.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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