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Review
. 2023 Mar 17;11(3):682.
doi: 10.3390/vaccines11030682.

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines, Vaccine Development Technologies, and Significant Efforts in Vaccine Development during the Pandemic: The Lessons Learned Might Help to Fight against the Next Pandemic

Chiranjib Chakraborty  1 , Manojit Bhattacharya  2 , Kuldeep Dhama  3
Affiliations
Review

SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines, Vaccine Development Technologies, and Significant Efforts in Vaccine Development during the Pandemic: The Lessons Learned Might Help to Fight against the Next Pandemic

Chiranjib Chakraborty et al. Vaccines (Basel). .

Abstract

We are currently approaching three years since the beginning of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 has caused extensive disruptions in everyday life, public health, and the global economy. Thus far, the vaccine has worked better than expected against the virus. During the pandemic, we experienced several things, such as the virus and its pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and treatments; emerging variants; different vaccines; and the vaccine development processes. This review describes how each vaccine has been developed and approved with the help of modern technology. We also discuss critical milestones during the vaccine development process. Several lessons were learned from different countries during the two years of vaccine research, development, clinical trials, and vaccination. The lessons learned during the vaccine development process will help to fight the next pandemic.

Keywords: COVID-19 pandemic; SARS-CoV-2; lesson learned; vaccines.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
The timeline describes the different milestone achievements of vaccine development.
Figure 2
Figure 2
The different significant achievements of the first vaccine’s development and its approval process. The first vaccine (Pfizer–BioNTech mRNA) was developed within eight months. Several researchers call the speed of vaccine development “pandemic speed”.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Different vaccine platforms and different clinical trials of vaccines. (A) A schematic chart that describes different vaccine platforms. (B) A statistical model was developed using the number of clinical trials. (C) Percentages of vaccine platforms described through a pie chart.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Different vaccine platforms and different clinical trials of vaccines. (A) A schematic chart that describes different vaccine platforms. (B) A statistical model was developed using the number of clinical trials. (C) Percentages of vaccine platforms described through a pie chart.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Different vaccine platforms and different clinical trials of vaccines. (A) A schematic chart that describes different vaccine platforms. (B) A statistical model was developed using the number of clinical trials. (C) Percentages of vaccine platforms described through a pie chart.
Figure 4
Figure 4
A spike protein’s 3D structure and its characters which make it the central point of attraction for vaccine development. Here, we depict some significant mutations in S proteins, such as P681R, N501Y, K444R, K41N/K, and D614G.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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