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. 2023 Mar 13:14:1036387.
doi: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1036387. eCollection 2023.

Association of smoking with the survival of patients with brain metastasis of lung cancer

Jiayi Yu  1   2 , Yu Zhang  3 , Zheran Liu  2 , Yan He  2 , Yiyan Pei  2 , Renjie Zhang  4 , Xingchen Peng  2 , Fang Fang  5
Affiliations

Association of smoking with the survival of patients with brain metastasis of lung cancer

Jiayi Yu et al. Front Neurol. .

Abstract

Background: Smoking is associated with increased mortality in patients with cancer. However, there are limited data on the impact of smoking on the survival of patients with brain metastases. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate whether smoking was associated with survival and whether smoking cessation was beneficial to these patients.

Methods: This study used lung cancer with a brain metastasis cohort of the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from 2013 to 2021. Patients were stratified according to smoking history; the distribution, clinical characteristics, and survival data of each group were estimated. Kaplan-Meier analysis and risk analysis were performed for the survival endpoint.

Results: Of the 2,647 patients included in the analysis, the median age was 57.8 years, and 55.4% were men. Among them, 67.1% had no smoking history, 18.9% still smoked, and 14% reported quitting smoking. Compared with never smokers, current smokers [HR, 1.51 (95% CI, 1.35-1.69), p < 0.01] and former smokers [HR, 1.32 (95% CI, 1.16-1.49), p<0.01] had an increased risk of death. However, quitting smoking was not associated with improved survival [HR, 0.90 (95% CI, 0.77-1.04), p = 0.16]. The overall survival increased with the increase of smoking cessation years.

Conclusions: In lung cancer patients with brain metastases, smoking was associated with an increased risk of death, but quitting smoking was not associated with improved survival.

Keywords: brain metastasis; lung cancer; smoking; smoking cessation; the overall survival.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Multivariate Cox forest map of lung cancer patients with brain metastases. BMI, body mass index (recorded when brain metastases was diagnosed); KPS, Karnofsky performance status; Brain metastases, number of brain metastases.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Kaplan–Meier plots of overall survival for lung cancer patients with brain metastases based on smoking status.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Subgroup analysis of cumulative smoking in current smokers and former smokers for lung cancer patients with brain metastases. BMI, body mass index (recorded when brain metastases was diagnosed); KPS, Karnofsky performance status; Brain metastases, number of brain metastases.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The overall survival rate stratified according to smoke status and years since tobacco cessation.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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