JYNNEOS Vaccination Coverage Among Persons at Risk for Mpox - United States, May 22, 2022-January 31, 2023

Abstract

From May 2022 through the end of January 2023, approximately 30,000 cases of monkeypox (mpox) have been reported in the United States and >86,000 cases reported internationally.* JYNNEOS (Modified Vaccinia Ankara vaccine, Bavarian Nordic) is recommended for subcutaneous administration to persons at increased risk for mpox (1,2) and has been demonstrated to provide protection against infection (3-5). To increase the total number of vaccine doses available, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) issued an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) on August 9, 2022, recommending administration of the vaccine intradermally (0.1 mL per dose) for persons aged ≥18 years who are recommended to receive it (6); intradermal administration can generate an equivalent immune response to that achieved through subcutaneous injection using approximately one fifth the subcutaneous dose (7). CDC analyzed JYNNEOS vaccine administration data submitted to CDC from jurisdictional immunization information systems (IIS)^† to assess the impact of the EUA and to estimate vaccination coverage among the population at risk for mpox. During May 22, 2022-January 31, 2023, a total of 1,189,651 JYNNEOS doses (734,510 first doses and 452,884 second doses)^§ were administered. Through the week of August 20, 2022, the predominant route of administration was subcutaneous, after which intradermal administration became predominant, in accordance with FDA guidance. As of January 31, 2023, 1-dose and 2-dose (full vaccination) coverage among persons at risk for mpox is estimated to have reached 36.7% and 22.7%, respectively. Despite a steady decline in mpox cases from a 7-day daily average of more than 400 cases on August 1, 2022, to five cases on January 31, 2023, vaccination for persons at risk for mpox continues to be recommended (1). Targeted outreach and continued access to and availability of mpox vaccines to persons at risk are important to help prevent and minimize the impact of a resurgence of mpox.

FIGURE 1

Route of administration of first and second JYNNEOS vaccine doses, by week of vaccination — United States, May 22, 2022–January 28, 2023 Source: CDC Immunization Data Lake. * Data reported to CDC as of 4:00 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time on March 7, 2023. Weeks in which n<30 are not shown. Data does not include vaccine administration for jurisdictions reporting aggregate data. Analyses do not include vaccine administration reported by Texas or reported for recipients aged <18 years by Idaho because of aggregate reporting to CDC.

FIGURE 2

First and second* JYNNEOS vaccination coverage estimates, by jurisdiction^† — United States, May 22, 2022–January 31, 2023^§ Sources: CDC Immunization Data Lake and AtlasPlus. * Fully vaccinated is defined as receipt of 2 JYNNEOS doses on different days, irrespective of time interval, with the second dose received ≥14 days earlier. ^† Residency was ascertained by vaccine recipient self-report; in the absence of a residential address, the location of vaccination was used in some locations. New York City and Philadelphia were allocated and report vaccine doses to CDC separately from the rest of New York and Pennsylvania and are therefore included as separate jurisdictions in this report. ^§ Data reported to CDC as of March 16, 2023. U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Northern Mariana Islands are not included in coverage estimates because of data suppression restrictions.