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. 2023 Mar 30;23(1):168.
doi: 10.1186/s12870-023-04171-5.

Differential responses of contrasting low phosphorus tolerant cotton genotypes under low phosphorus and drought stress

Asif Iqbal #  1   2   3 , Gui Huiping #  1 , Dong Qiang  1 , Wang Xiangru  1   2 , Zhang Hengheng  1 , Zhang Xiling  4   5 , Song Meizhen  6   7
Affiliations

Differential responses of contrasting low phosphorus tolerant cotton genotypes under low phosphorus and drought stress

Asif Iqbal et al. BMC Plant Biol. .

Abstract

Background: Drought is one of the main reasons for low phosphorus (P) solubility and availability.

Aims: The use of low P tolerant cotton genotypes might be a possible option to grow in drought conditions.

Methods: This study investigates the tolerance to drought stress in contrasting low P-tolerant cotton genotypes (Jimian169; strong tolerant to low P and DES926; weak tolerant to low P). In hydroponic culture, the drought was artificially induced with 10% PEG in both cotton genotypes followed by low (0.01 mM KH2PO4) and normal (1 mM KH2PO4) P application.

Results: The results showed that under low P, PEG-induced drought greatly inhibited growth, dry matter production, photosynthesis, P use efficiency, and led to oxidative stress from excessive malondialdehyde (MDA) and higher accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and these effects were more in DES926 than Jimian169. Moreover, Jimian169 alleviated oxidative damage by improving the antioxidant system, photosynthetic activities, and an increase in the levels of osmoprotectants like free amino acids, total soluble proteins, total soluble sugars, and proline.

Conclusions: The present study suggests that the low P-tolerant cotton genotype can tolerate drought conditions through high photosynthesis, antioxidant capacity, and osmotic adjustment.

Keywords: Antioxidant system, osmotic adjustment; Cotton; Drought stress; Phosphorus; Photosynthesis.

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Conflict of interest statement

All the authors declare that they have no competing interests in the publication of the manuscript.

Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
(A) Root P concentration (%), (B) shoot P concentration (%), (C) root P accumulation (%), (D) shoot P accumulation (%), (E) P uptake efficiency (mg P g− 1 RDW), and (F) P utilization efficiency (g DW mg− 1 P) of Jimian169 and DES926 under LP + DS (0.01 mM KH2PO4 + 10%PEG), LP + CK (0.01 mM KH2PO4 + 0%PEG), NP + DS (1 mM KH2PO4 + 10%PEG), NP + CK (1 mM KH2PO4 + 0%PEG).
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
(A) Root malondialdehyde content (MDA; mmol g− 1 FW), (B) shoot malondialdehyde content (MDA; mmol g− 1 FW) (C) root hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; µmol g− 1 FW), (D) shoot hydrogen peroxide (H2O2; µmol g− 1 FW), (E) root superoxide anion (O2−; µmol g− 1 FW), (F) shoot superoxide anion (O2−; µmol g− 1 FW) of Jimian169 and DES926 under LP + DS (0.01 mM KH2PO4 + 10%PEG), LP + CK (0.01 mM KH2PO4 + 0%PEG), NP + DS (1 mM KH2PO4 + 10%PEG), NP + CK (1 mM KH2PO4 + 0%PEG).
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
(A) Root superoxide dismutase activity (SOD; U g− 1 FW), (B) shoot superoxide dismutase activity (SOD; U g− 1 FW), (C) root peroxidase activity (POD; U g− 1 min− 1 FW), (D) shoot peroxidase activity (POD; U g− 1 min− 1 FW), (E) root catalase activity (CAT; U g− 1 min− 1 FW) (F) shoot catalase activity (CAT; U g− 1 min− 1 FW) of Jimian169 and DES926 under LP + DS (0.01 mM KH2PO4 + 10%PEG), LP + CK (0.01 mM KH2PO4 + 0%PEG), NP + DS (1 mM KH2PO4 + 10%PEG), NP + CK (1 mM KH2PO4 + 0%PEG).
Fig. 4
Fig. 4
Root free amino acid (mg g− 1 FW), (B) shoot free amino acid (mg g− 1 FW), (C) root total soluble protein (mg g− 1 FW), (D) shoot total soluble protein (mg g− 1 FW), (E) root total soluble sugar (mg g− 1 FW), (F) shoot total soluble sugar (mg g− 1 FW) of Jimian169 and DES926 under LP + DS (0.01 mM KH2PO4 + 10%PEG), LP + CK (0.01 mM KH2PO4 + 0%PEG), NP + DS (1 mM KH2PO4 + 10%PEG), NP + CK (1 mM KH2PO4 + 0%PEG).
Fig. 5
Fig. 5
Relationships between morphological traits (yellow), leaf physiological traits (green), PUE traits (purple), ROS accumulation (red), antioxidants (gray), and osmoprotectants (water blue). Nodes shows the traits and edges (red positive and blue negative) represents the correlations. The thickness of the edges represents the strength of the correlation coefficient for each pair. SL; shoot length, RDM; root dry matter, SDM; shoot dry matter, TDM; total dry matter, RL; root length, RSA; root surface area, RD; root diameter, RV; root volume, Pn; photosynthetic rate, gs; stomatal conductance, E; transpiration rate, Ci; intercellular CO2 concentration, Chl a; chlorophyll a content, Chl b; chlorophyll b content, Chl ab; chlorophyll a + b, CAR; carotenoid contents, RP; root phosphorus concentrations, SP; shoot phosphorus concentration, RPA; root phosphorus accumulation, SPA; shoot phosphorus accumulation, PUpE; phosphorus uptake efficiency, PUtE; phosphorus utilization efficiency, RMDA; root malondialdehyde content, SMDA; shoot malondialdehyde content, RO2; root superoxide anion, SO2; shoot superoxide anion, RH2O2; root hydrogen peroxide, SH2O2; shoot hydrogen peroxide, RSOD; root superoxide dismutase, SSOD, shoot superoxide dismutase, RPOD; root peroxidase, SPOD; shoot peroxidase, RCAT; root catalase, SCAT; shoot catalase, RFAA; root free amino acids, SFAA; shoot free amino acids, RTSP; root total soluble proteins, STSP; shoot total soluble proteins, RTSS; root total soluble sugars, and STSS; shoot total solubvle sugars
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